<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315</id><updated>2011-04-21T21:05:50.830-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Bravobo</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>323</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116382128582635106</id><published>2006-11-17T19:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-17T19:41:25.846-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/birdie_feets.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" 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title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116365700071314941</id><published>2006-11-15T22:02:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-15T22:03:20.726-08:00</updated><title type='text'>micheal swilstorfer</title><content type='html'>http://www.zink-gegner.de/galerie/uploads/132.jpg&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116365700071314941?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116365700071314941/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116365700071314941' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116365700071314941'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116365700071314941'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/micheal-swilstorfer.html' title='micheal swilstorfer'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116353486024243132</id><published>2006-11-14T12:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-14T12:07:40.246-08:00</updated><title type='text'>장자의 사유체계에 드러난 동북아 예술의 미학 - 이정우</title><content type='html'>사물들이 나타난다는 것, 그들을 볼 수 있고 그들에 대해 사유할 수 있다는 것, 본 것을 표현할 수 있다는 것, 이것이 인간에게 주어진 특권이자 행복이다. 존재의 빛 속에서 출렁이는 사물들은 예술가의 영감을 통해 물감 속에서, 돌 속에서… 새로운 생명을 얻는다. 철학자들은 존재를 사유한다. 미술과 철학의 교차로들에서 존재, 그리고 존재가 내뿜는 빛이 사유와 문화의 차원으로 번역된다. 존재의 빛은 마음속에 접히고 그 주름은 다시 문화로 펼쳐진다. 이제 이런 담론사적 사건들이 발생했던 교차로들을 더듬어보자. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;사진/ 난초를 그린 &lt;사군자&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;중국을 비롯한 동북아의 예술을 특징짓는 것들 중 하나로 사물의 세세한 점들을 솎아내고 그 구조만을, 더 나아가 그 구조까지도 솎아내고 그 힘(=力能)만을 표현해내는 점을 들 수 있다. 주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 달마 그림이나 커다란 붓으로 단번에 휘갈겨 쓴 글씨, 몇번의 붓질만으로 그린 난초 그림 등은 다른 예술 전통에서 쉽게 찾아보기 힘든 독특함을 지니고 있다. 이런 특징들은 어떤 사유로부터 솟아오르는가? 우리는 장자(莊子)에게서 동북아 예술 전반에 걸쳐 나타나는 공통된 미학의 실마리를 읽어낼 수 있다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“기술에서 시작해 도로 나아간다” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;장자&gt;, ‘양생주’에 등장하는 포정이 소 잡는 이야기는 미학적 맥락에서 읽을 때 또다른 맛을 만끽할 수 있다. 유명한 요리사인 포정이 양나라의 문혜군을 위해서 소를 잡은 적이 있다. 손으로 꽉 잡고, 어깨로 받치고, 발을 굳게 디디고, 무릎을 구부리면서 놀라운 솜씨로 소를 잡았는데, 그때 나는 소리가 상림지무(桑林之舞)와 경수지회(經首之會)에 들어맞았다 한다(상림지무와 경수지회는 옛 음악을 말함). 양혜군이 그 모습을 보고 놀라 기술이 어떻게 그런 경지에까지 도달할 수 있는가 하고 물었다. 그때 포정은 이후 동북아 미학사상에 매우 중요한 역할을 할 대답을 내어놓는다. “제가 추구하는 것은 도(道)입니다. 기술에서 시작해 도로 나아가는 것이죠.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;기술에서 도로 나아간다는 것은 형이하에서 형이상으로, 물체를 다루는 손에서 마음으로 나아감을 뜻한다. 그 과정을 포정은 이렇게 말한다. “제가 처음으로 소를 잡았을 때는 어떻게 시작해야 할지 분간이 가지 않았습니다. 3년이 지나자 비로소 소 전체가 눈에 들어왔습니다. 이제는 소를 눈으로 보는 것이 아니라 온몸으로 느낍니다. 감각기관으로 파악하기를 그치고 온몸이 흘러가는 대로 맡기는 것입니다.” 여기에서 ‘온몸’으로 번역한 ‘신’(神)은 마음까지 포함한다. &lt;내경&gt;에서 신은 기(氣)를 통어(通御)한다고 했거니와, 온몸의 기가 신에 의해 통어됨으로써 신체 각 부분의 기능적 활동을 넘어 온몸과 마음이 하나가 되어 움직이는 경지를 가리키고 있다. 이것이 곧 기술을 넘어 도로 나아간 경지이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;감각을 통한 지각과 신체적 훈련, 물체에 대한 경험이 오랫동안 성숙하면 급기야는 정신적 차원으로 상승하게 되고(여기에서 ‘정신’이란 본래의 한의학적-기학적 의미에서 이해해야 할 것이다), 물(物)과 심(心)의 경계가 없어져 혼연일체의 상태가 된다. 그때 사물에 대한 꼼꼼한 관찰이나 계산, 분석 등을 넘어 몰아(沒我)의 경지에서 사물을 대하게 된다. 그러나 이런 경지에로의 상승은 또한 기술의 초월뿐만 아니라 사심(私心 또는 邪心)의 초월도 요구한다. 즉, 몸이 점차 대상과 합일해가는 과정 못지않게 마음의 때를 씻고 사물을 순수하게 볼 것을 요구한다. ‘달생’(達生)에 등장하는 재경의 이야기는 이 점을 말하고 있다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;목공예의 명장인 재경이 그 놀라운 재능의 비결이 무엇이냐는 질문을 받자 다음과 같이 말했다. “저는 악기를 만들기 전에 먼저 기를 모읍니다. 그리고 반드시 몸을 깨끗이 해 마음을 맑게 합니다. 사흘을 재계(齋戒)하면 상이나 벼슬에 대한 욕망이 사라지고, 닷새를 재계하면 명예를 좇고 비난을 피하려는 마음이 사라지고, 이레를 재계하면 제 몸까지도 놓아버리는 경지에 도달하게 됩니다.” 재경은 이런 경지가 되었을 때에야 비로소 작업을 시작한다고 말한다. 이것이 곧 ‘마음을 씻는 것’(心齋)을 말한다. 몸이 감각기관들의 부분적 기능을 넘어 사물과 합체하고, 마음이 모든 때를 씻어내어 순수를 찾을 때 위대한 예술가가 탄생하는 것이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;텅 비움을 얻으려면 마음을 씻어라 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;사진/ &lt;달마도&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘인간세’(人間世)에서는 안회와 공자의 대화라는 형식을 빌려 심재가 설명된다. 안회가 심재에 대해 묻자, 공자는 이렇게 답한다. “뜻(志)을 하나로 모은다면, 귀로 듣기보다는 마음으로 듣고 마음으로 듣기보다는 기로 듣는다네.… 기야말로 텅 비우고 사물을 대할 수 있는 존재이지. 오로지 도만이 텅 비움(虛)을 이룰 수 있고, 이 텅 비움이야말로 바로 마음을 씻는 것이라네.” 사심을 버리고 뜻을 순수하게 할 때, 신체의 부분적 기능이나 마음의 때를 벗어 기로서 사물을 대할 수 있다. 기로서 사물을 대한다는 것은 모든 것을 텅 비우고 대하는 것이며, 도가 그 과정을 이끌 때만이 그런 허(虛)의 단계에 도달할 수 있다. 바로 그런 과정이 마음-씻음 즉 심재의 과정이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;장자의 사유에서 분명하게 나타나지는 않지만 심재의 과정은 또한 마음속의 범주들(categories)을 무너뜨리는 과정이기도 하다. 사람의 마음속에는 일정한 범주적 틀이 존재하며, 그 틀을 통해서 사물들을 본다. 즉, 사물들을 진정으로 보기 이전에 이미 범주가 작동한다. 그리고 그 범주-틀은 많은 경우 경험을 통해서 형성되기보다는 이미 개념적으로 정리된 사유의 수용을 통해서 형성된다. 그때 사람은 자신의 몸과 마음으로 사물을 대하기보다는 다른 곳에서 형성되었고 자신에게 주입된 틀을 그 사물에 투사한다. 범주란 기본적으로 동일성의 체계이다. 사사로운 차이들을 솎아내고 일반화함으로써 동일성의 체계가 형성된다. 그러나 사물들의 세심한 차이들에 주목하는 사람이 예술가가 된다. 나무의 변화에 민감한 사람이 목수가 되고, 얼굴의 차이들에 민감한 사람이 초상화를 그린다. 심재의 과정이란 마음속의 격자들을 무너뜨리는 과정이며, 격자가 무너질 때마다 사물들은 그때까지와는 전혀 다른 모습으로 나타난다. 추한 육체를 소유한 자들의 덕을 칭송하는 「덕충부(德充符)」의 이야기는 이런 맥락에서 읽을 수 있다. 미(美)란 규격화된 몸과 규격화된 마음을 벗어나 사물을 사물 자체로서 순수하게 대할 때 성립하는 것이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;예술의 경지는 마음의 깨달음에 달렸다 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;예술이란 기술에서 출발한다. 서구에서는 기술과 예술이 혼합된 ‘테크네’(techn)에서 출발했으며, 중국에서는 ‘여섯 가지 기능’(六藝)에서 출발했다. 지금도 예술은 우선 기술적 숙련과 토대를 요구한다. 일상생활에서의 평범한 예술은 대개 기술적 경지를 통해서 성립한다. 그러나 예술의 좀더 차원 높은 경지는 기(技)를 도(道)로 승화시키는 데에 있다. 이 도는 (서구의 경우처럼) 지적인 경지를 뜻하기보다는 오히려 마음의 깨달음을 뜻한다고 볼 수 있다. 예술의 비롯한 모든 분야들이 자본주의와 대중문화의 공세 아래에서 신음하고 있는 오늘날, 사판이 이판을 압도하는 오늘날, 장자에서 연원하는 동북아의 고전적인 예술관을 되돌아보는 것도 좋을 것이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;필자 이정우(42)씨는 충북 영동에서 태어나 서강대 철학과 교수로 대학에서 학생들을 가르쳤고, 현재는 철학아카데미 원장을 맡고 있다. 저서로는 &lt;담론의 공간&gt;&lt;가로지르기&gt;&lt;인간의 얼굴&gt;&lt;시뮬라크르의 시대&gt;&lt;삶·죽음·운명&gt;&lt;접힘과 펼쳐짐&gt; 등이 있다&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116353486024243132?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116353486024243132/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116353486024243132' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116353486024243132'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116353486024243132'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/blog-post_116353486024243132.html' title='장자의 사유체계에 드러난 동북아 예술의 미학 - 이정우'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116353467211820345</id><published>2006-11-14T12:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-14T12:04:32.120-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>기원상의 논란은 있지만, 예술은 관찰과 기술에서 탄생했다. 관찰을 낯선 사물을 응시하는 정신적 활동이라고 한다면, 기술은 생활에 유용한 도구를 만들기 위한 육체적 활동이다. 넓은 의미에서 본다면 문자도 관찰의 산물이다. 상형문자가 여기에 속한다. 사물의 관찰과 그 추상화 형태가 상형문자다. 인류사 초기에 문자는 그림과 별반 다를 바 없었다. 음성문자가 고착된 것은 한참 뒤의 일이다. 그런데 문자가 발명되면서 문자는 문자 이상의 의미를 표현하는 기능을 가지고 있다는 것을 발견하게 된 것은 이후의 일이다. 그래서 언어 자체에는 실용성과 비실용성의 의미가 모두 들어 있다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;관찰에 의해 문자가 발명되었다면, 기술에 의해 도구가 발명되었다. 그런데 도구를 만든다는 것은 유용성을 목적으로 하는데, 도구를 만드는 과정에서 유용성과는 다른 요소가 첨가되기 시작했다. 예컨대 화살촉의 경우에도 그 모양이 중요한 것이 아니라 짐승을 잘 잡을 수 있도록 끝이 뾰족하면 그만인데도, 사람들은 그것을 예쁘게 만들곤 했다. 발견된 화살촉만 하더라도 수백가지 종류라고 한다. 꾸민 인위적 흔적이 유용한 도구에 나타나 있다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;관찰과 기술은 실용적 목적을 가지고 있지만 항상 비실용적 목적을 동반하고 있다. 인류가 자기 생존을 위해 관찰과 기술이라는 생존활동을 영위하는 과정에서 항상 실용성 이상의 무엇인가가 나타났다. 한자라는 문자의 경우에도 서예라는 예술적 형태를 얻었고 화살촉이라는 기술의 경우에도 예쁜 화살촉이 만들어졌다. 이렇게 생존활동 과정에서 등장한 비실용적 측면이 예술이라는 형태로 자리잡았다. 그러나 분명한 것은 예술은 생존을 위한 실용적 목적에서 나온 부산물이라는 사실이다. 그래서 예술을 아무리 비실용적이라 해도 근원적으로 실용적인 것을 의식하지 않을 수 없다. 비실용성이 실용성에서 연유하기 때문이다. 그러니까 넓은 의미에서 본다면 예술은 처음부터 생존을 영위하는 수단에 불과했던 것이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;관찰과 기술의 실용적 측면과 비실용적 측면이 분리되면서 비실용적 측면이 아름다움을 나타내는 상징이 되었다. 그러나 아직 아름다움이 자체적으로 중요한 가치를 지니고 있지는 않았다. 단지 생존 활동 과정에서 나타난 비실용적 측면에 불과하지, 지금 생각하는 아름다움의 내용과는 사뭇 다른 것이었다. 고대 원시사회에서 통칭 아름다움이라 부르는 것은 대체로 '눈에 보이지 않는 것', 즉 인간의 감각을 벗어나 있는 초감각적인 것이나 자연의 위력과 같은 숭고하고 두려운 경외의 대상을 의미했다. 이렇게 눈에 보이지 않는 것을 표현하는 도구가 필요하게 되자 관찰과 기술의 비실용적 측면, 즉 예술이 적격이었다. 눈에 보이지 않는 대상이란 신도 되고 정신도 되고 조화와 비례도 된다. 그래서 문자와 예술은 항상 '잉여'의 기능을 담당한다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'잉여'를 포함하는 문자의 기능을 플라톤의 &lt;파이드로스&gt;에서 이렇게 설명하고 있다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;이집트에 테우트(Theuth)라는 신에 있는데, 수, 산술, 기하학, 천문학, 장기와 주사위 놀이, 그리고 특히 문자를 창안했다고 한다. 테베에 살고 있던 이집트 왕 태양왕 타무스(Thamus)에게 테우트가 찾아와서 자신의 발명품을 보여주고 이집트인들에게 보급하라고 말했다. 특히 문자는 기억력(mneme)력을 증진시키는, 기억과 지식(Sophos)의 파르마콘(Pharmakon)이라고 자랑했다. 파르마콘은 독과 약을 동시에 의미한다. 타무스는 회의적인 반응을 보였다. 타무스는 문자가 도리어 사람들을 망각하게 만들뿐이라고 말한다. 문자를 사용하게 되면 기억을 실행시키지 않기 때문에 사람들의 마음(Psyche) 속에 망각(Lethe)을 산출할 뿐이다. 그렇게 되면 사람들은 진리(Aletheia)가 아니라 지혜의 가상(Doxa)만을 보게 된다. 그래서 사람들은 더욱 무지하게 되는데도 지혜로운 것처럼 보일 뿐이다.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116353467211820345?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116353467211820345/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116353467211820345' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116353467211820345'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116353467211820345'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/blog-post_14.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116353451958741478</id><published>2006-11-14T12:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-14T12:01:59.633-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Jacques Derrida' s Deconstruction</title><content type='html'>Jacques Derrida' s Deconstruction&lt;br /&gt;(해체주의)&lt;br /&gt;1. 생애&lt;br /&gt;▶ 그의 고등사범학교 학창시절(1950년대)이나 교수시절(1960년대)에 이르기까지 마르크시즘이 맹위를 떨치던 시기. 그는 마르크스주의와 현실 공산주의에 반대하면서도 보수적 ·반동적 동기로 중도 우파나 공화파의 입장에서 마르크시즘을 보지 않는 사람 가운데 하나.→그의 해체는 어떠한 소속, 이론적 당파, 교조성도 거부하며 자신의 자유 주장하고, 철학적 선입견과 투쟁. 1968년 데모행렬에 참가하지만 5월 사태에 대해 유보적인 태도를 취함. 그는 자동혁명론이나 자연주의적 유토피아란 환상을 거부. 1970-80년대 당시 동구권 반체제 인사들을 지원.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다(1930-)는 우상파괴주의자; 기존 서구철학이 주장한 모든 진리를 우상으로 보고 철저히 파괴하고자 함. 데리다는 우상을 현전(現前)의 형이상학, 또는 로고스 중심주의로 부름. 이것은 가상적 세계를 넘어선 순수한 본질의 세계(플라톤), 객관을 인식하는 선험적이고 순수한 주관(데카르트 이래의 관념론), 의식으로부터 독립되어 그 자체로 존재하는 객관적 물질의 세계(유물론), 주관과 객관이란 존재자의 근거가 되는 존재(하이데거)처럼 모든 것의 기원·토대·절대적 근거라고 주장되어 온 모든 것.&lt;br /&gt;▶그는 모든 우상을 공격·파괴하지만 기존의 철학자들처럼 앞선 우상을 대체할 새로운 진리를 내세우지 않는다. 순수한 파괴주의자. 다시 우상으로 전락할 자신의 진리를 제시하지 않으므로 무자비한 비판을 할 수 있으며 자신은 비판받지 않는 유리한 입장 확보.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 기존의 철학적 진리들은 모든 것을 설명하는 완전한 것이 아니며, 그것이 전제하고 있는 숨겨진 것을 드러내면 그것이 은유와 형이상학적 수사임을 알 수 있을 것이라고 함. 그는 이를 폭로하기 위해 철학적 텍스트 안에서 그것이 자각하지 못하거나 고의로 억압하고 있는 자기 모순을 폭로해서 그것을 해체시키는 전략을 택함.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 부정과 비판은 어떤 척도에 따라 비판의 대상을 재는 것인데 이 경우 이 척도가 비판되는 것 보다 우월하다는 것을 전제. 그러므로 이 척도는 스스로를 먼저 정당화해야 하는데, 이러한 정당화 작업 자체가 또 하나의 절대적 근거를 만드는, 즉 모든 것을 비판하면서 자기 자신은 그로부터 벗어나 비판받지 않는 것을 추구하는 형이상학을 건설. 그래서 데리다는 텍스트 바깥에서 그것을 재는 척도를 제시하지 않고 텍스트의 자기 모순을 밝혀서 그것이 부당함을 밝힌다.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;2. 시기구분&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다의 저작은 {조종}(1974)을 분기점으로 두 시기로 나뉜다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 전반기의 저작은 하이데거 이후에 대한 모색과 탈구조주의적 구도 속에서 해체론의 방법적 전략과 그 주요 용어들(차연·에크리튀르·흔적·텍스트·의미산종)을 엄밀한 학문적 논증 형식을 통하여 어떤 구체적 주제와 대안으로서 제시. 특히 탈형이상학의 전략이 언어이론에 깊히 관여하면서 차연의 주제와 "텍스트의 밖에는 아무 것도 없다"는 명제는 언어철학자들에게 많은 논란.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 후반기 저작에서는 해체론의 선험주의적 요소를 청산하고, 전반기에 이미 선명히 표명된 반-시원회귀적, 비고유성의 사유를 철학 안팎의 경계를 자유롭게 오고가면서 실천. 상세한 인용과 정교한 고증학적 주석, 철학사의 자유로운 재구성, 다의적 언어의 활용과 동음이의어를 통한 창조적 연상, 시적 통찰과 무의미성 등이 한데 어우러져 있는 글쓰기 형식과 문체는 이미 전반기 저작을 통하여 충분히 드러난 바 있다.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;3. 데리다 수용의 문제점&lt;br /&gt;▶ {입장들}과 {다른 곶}을 제외한 나머지의 경우 역자들의 이론적, 어학적 소양이 의심스러울 만큼 번역상태가 엉망&lt;br /&gt;▶ 국내의 데리다 연구는 그의 저작들 중 비교적&lt;초기&gt;의 것들에 국한된다는 점.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다 연구에서 국내 소개의 조건이 문제가 되는 것은 데리다나 다른 탈근대적 사상가들이 80년대 말부터 시작된 사회주의권의 위기라는 정세를 배경으로 막스주의에 대한 하나의 &lt;대안&gt;으로 국내에 소개되기 시작했다는 점 때문→이 때문에 오히려 탈근대적 문제설정의 관여성 자체가 반감되어 한때의 유행이나 이데올로기적 가면으로 치부됨.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;4. 해체전략&lt;br /&gt;▶ 그는 서구철학이 비이성에 대한 이성, 차이에 대한 동일성, 不在에 대한 現前을 진리 근거로 주장.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 동일성은 차이와 관계 속에서 차이를 배제함으로써 확보. 동일성 자체는 그곳에 차이에 대한 배제, 억압을 지니고 있는 폭력적인 것. 그래서 그는 이성, 동일성, 현전에 대비되는 비이성, 차이 부재라는 그것의 타자들을 해방시키고자 한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 그는 이 작업을 현전의 형이상학을 해체시키는 전략을 통해 완수하려함. 데리다는 서구철학의 근저가 되는 본질/현상의 이원적 대립구조에서 진리-권력의 전략을 탐지. 그것은 본질을 현상에 대한 우선적인 것, 근거로 보고 현상을 본질로부터 파생된 이차적인 것으로 설명함으로써 본질에 특권을 부여하고 그 특권이 그 대립항을 지배하는 것을 정당화한다. 이것은 억압적이고 기만적인 이성에 대한 비판에 그치는 것이 아니라, 경제적 착취·성적 불평등·인종적 차별 등에 대해 투쟁하는 것. &lt;두 항 가운데 하나가 다른 것을(가치론적, 의미론적으로) 명령하거나 다른 것 위에 선다. 이러한 대립을 해체시키는 것은 특정 시점에서 위계질서를 뒤집는 것&gt;. 그런데 데리다는 이 투쟁을 기존 대립관계의 폭로에 무게를 둘 뿐 그것을 실천적으로 폐기하는데 앞장을 서거나 그것을 밑받침하는 새로운 대안을 제시하지 않는다. 그것은 그가 새로운 대안을 제시하여 기존의 동일성, 진리를 보충하는 새로운 억압적 논리를 내세우고 또 다른 동일성을 제시하는 자기 모순에 빠지지 않기 위함.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 따라서 해체전략은 이성, 진리가 나타나 있는 텍스트의 규칙에 복종하는 척하면서 텍스트가 절대적으로 완성되었기 때문에 최종적으로 더 이상 할 말이 없는 순간에 그것과 어긋나는 것을 털어놓게 하는 것. 즉 자기가 말하지 않고 텍스트가 스스로 말하게 하면서 그 자기 모순을 드러내어 그것을 논박. 즉 이성이 스스로 모순에 빠지고 자신이 숨긴 '차이'를 털어놓게 하는 전략. 이것은 텍스트를 둘로 쪼개고 한 텍스트 속에 숨어 있는 다른 텍스트를 끌어내어 양자를 어긋나게 하는 것.→어떤 종합도 허용하지 않고, 텍스트의 전략과 전제들을 파멸시키는 작업.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Deconstruction&lt;br /&gt;▶ deconstuction을 번역시 주의할 점(데리다);&lt;br /&gt;1) 단순한 의미의 파괴나 괴멸로 이해하지 말 것. 즉 부정과 거부의 뉘앙스를 담고있는 'de-'를 계보학적 파생 혹은 방향전환을 지칭하는 말로 새 시각를 요구.&lt;br /&gt;2) 분석이나 비판과 동일시하는 것을 경계. 분석이란 더 이상 나누어지지 않는 단순한 요소나 더 이상 소급할 수 없는 기원으로 향하는 것이지만, 데리다의 해체론은 서양의 형이상학을 구성하는 마지막 요소의 순수성과 단순성을 의심하고, 의심할 뿐만 아니라 어떤 부재하는 타자들의 파생물로서 혹은 비현전적 타자에 의해 침범 당해 있는 것으로 증명.&lt;br /&gt;3) 어떤 방법론과도 동일시할 수 없음.; "해체가 아닌 것은 무엇일까요? 바로 모든 것입니다. 해체인 것은 무엇일까요? 그것은 아무 것도 아닙니다."&lt;br /&gt;▶ 해체론을 번역하거나 정의하는 것이 불가능해지는 이유는 그것이 '-이란 무엇인가?'라는 형식의 물음으로 조성되는 사유의 방식(형이상학)을 한계 짓는 작업이기 때문. 따라서 해체론에 대한 정의 혹은 번역은 탈형이상학적 언어유희로 옮아가는 해체론의 실천 속에서만 그 가능성이 주어진다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다 자체 안에서 해체는 그의 여러 가지 전략적 용어들, 가령 '에크리튀르', '흔적', '차연' '파르마콘' 등등의 말들을 통하여 어떤 대체 가능한 개별적 문맥들로 운반되고 있다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ '해체'를 번역한다는 것은 그 말이 아직 예상하지 않고 있는 해체론적 상황으로 옮겨가는 것이고, 형이상학의 본성과 한계가 동시에 드러나는 또 다른 장소로 그 말을 운반하는 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 해체론은 형이상학의 불충분성을 입증할 때만 비로소 해체의 권리를 얻을 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다에 이르러 형이상학의 본성은 두 가지로 요약&lt;br /&gt;1) 형이상학은 이항 대립적 체계를 본성으로 한다. 이는 형이상학의 내면이 형이하학적인 모든 것(감성적인 것, 외면성, 신체, 물질, 시간적인 것, 개별성과 특수성, 변하는 것, 우연성 등등)과 대립항들로서 구성된다는 것을 말한다.&lt;br /&gt;2) 형이상학은 데리다에게 현전적 존재 이해로서 요약. 로고스중심주의, 음성중심주의, 남근중심주의로서의 형이상학은 존재하는 것의 존재론적 의미를 그것이 시-각theoria 앞에 현재적으로 출석하거나 현상할 수 있는 가능성에 두고 있다. 형이상학의 현전적 존재 이해가 잊고 있는 것은 현전적 존재자를 비로소 현전화시키는 존재이며, 이 존재가 현전적 존재자와 관계할 때 성립하는 존재론적 차이이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 해체론은 니체와 하이데거가 제기했던 '형이상학의 극복'이라는 과제를 계승. 이 극복과제는 두 가지 물음으로 요약;&lt;br /&gt;1) 비형이상학적 사유의 가능성, 혹은 탈형이상학적 삶과 문학의 가능성에 대한 물음.→해체론의 긍정적, 미래적 측면.&lt;br /&gt;2) 탈형이상학적 사유에 권리를 부여하기 위한 예비적 물음, 즉 형이상학적 사유의 기원과 본성 그리고 그 지배력의 범위에 대한 물음. 형이상학적 사유의 구속력에 물음을 던지고 그 근거의 정당성을 상대화하는 한에서 해체론은 부정적인 면모를 보인다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 해체론이 그 본성을 묻는 형이상학은 단순히 과거적인 것이 아니라 현재를 구성하고 있고 이미 지배하고 있는 어떤 것이다. 그 지배의 범위는 언어 전체의 범위에 미치고, 그 변형의 범위는 일상적 언어의 자명성에까지 미친다. 그러므로 해체론이 싸우는 대상은 몸통은 하나이지만 여러 개의 머리를 가지고 있는 히드라와 닮았다. 즉, 해체론의 전통 안에서 형이상학은 과학과 기술 혹은 예술 등과 별개의 영역을 이루는 학문이 아니며, 또 인식론이나 윤리학과 구분되는 협소한 철학 이론도 아니다. 그것은 서양의 문화와 일상에 속하는 모든 것을 근거짓고 일정한 형태와 범위 안에서 재생산하는 일반적 사유체계. 이 사유체계의 지배력이 미치는 범위는 언어의 한계와 겹친다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 그러므로 형이상학을 비판하기 위해서 그 외면에 선다는 것은 논리적 무의미나 침묵의 입장에 선다는 것과 같고, 이는 형이상학의 자기 방어 기제를 통하여 다시 무력화되어 버린다. 해체론은 형이상학의 언어와 개념적 장치를 빌리면서, 그 기원과 본성 안으로 침잠해가면서, 형이상학의 시대를 한정하고 상대화시킬 수 있는 '바깥'을 모색한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다는 해체론을 이중의 글쓰기, 이중회기, 이중의 학문 등으로 불렀다.&lt;br /&gt;1) 해체론이 '이중의 제스처'인 것은 반형이상학적 몸놀림이 친형이상학적 몸놀림과 겹치기 때문.&lt;br /&gt;2) 해체론이 '이중의 글쓰기'인 것은 탈형이상학적 글쓰기로서의 해체론이 동시에 형이상학적 글쓰기를 반복하기 때문&lt;br /&gt;3) 해체론은 형이상학의 시대를 극적으로 연출하고 장면화시킬 수 있는 한에서만 그 시대를 마감시키고 탈형이상학적 시대를 열 수 있다는 점에서 '이중의 회기' 전략이며 '이중의 학문'.&lt;br /&gt;4) 그러나 바로 이중적 절차의 '구조적 불가피성'은 오로지 해체론의 관점에서만 그 필연성을 드러낼 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 재구성의 학문으로서의 해체론은 형이상학을 이항 대립적 개념 체계로서, 현전의 존재론이자 고유성에 대한 욕구로서(그 결과 음성중심주의, 남근중심주의, 서양중심주의로서) 재구축한다. 반면 탈구성적 학문으로서의 해체론은 이러한 형이상학적 체계를 가능하게 하는 동시에 불가능하게 하는 이중 회기의 조건에서부터 시작한다. 그 가능성과 불가능성의 조건으로서 데리다는 차연을 말한다.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Deffarance(차연)&lt;br /&gt;▶ 차연: 차연은 서로 구분되는 것들, 다른 것들을 구분되고 다르게 만드는(간격, 거리, 공간을 만들어 내는) '공간내기'(espacement)와 함께 예정되고 계산된 목적, 결과를 지연시키고, 유보시키는 '시간내기'(temporisation)의 결합작용.&lt;br /&gt;1) 의미작용이 기표와 기의 사이의 결합에 의해 규정된다면, 한 기표의 기의는 다른 '유한개'의 기표들 사이의 차이들의 합으로 정의할 수 있다. 이때 이 비교항n의 값이 유한해야만 비교항들의 기의가 모두 확정될 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;2) 그런데 데리다는 이 체계가 사실상 고정되어 있거나 완결될 수 있는 것으로 보지 않는다 그리고 한 기표의 값은 그것이 결정되기 위해 다른 것들과 비교하는 과정이 끝날 때까지 그 의미 확정이 '미루어진다'.&lt;br /&gt;3) 이처럼 데리다는 소쉬르의 주장을 급진화시켜 기표와 기의의 상응 대신에 기표와 기표의 차이운동만을 인정. 한 기표는 자신을 가리키지 않고 다른 기표와의 차이를 가리키며, 다른 기표 역시 또 다른 기표를 가리킬 뿐. 기표는 의미화 작용 '안'에 있고, 기표는 한 기표에서 다른 기표로 운동하고 있을 뿐. 즉 기의는 항상 기표에 의존하며, 기표들의 체계에 의해서만 산출될 수 있다. 따라서 기표와 기의는 다른 기표와의 차이 속에 존재하고 그것이 시간적으로 연기되면서 확정되지 않은 채로 머무르게됨. 데리다는 어떤 기의도 고정된 내용을 갖지 못한다고 주장.&lt;br /&gt;4) 프랑스어에서 차이와 차연을 모두 디페랑스로 발음하기 때문에 양자는 말로서는 구별되지 않고 다만 글쓰기를 통해서만 구별. 차이관계는 말보다 글로써 보다 잘 나타나는 점을 지적. 기표들의 차이관계에서 기표가 지시하는 바는 타자와의 차이이며, 그 자체는 서로 지시하는 다른 기표들의 연쇄운동에 의해 그 의미 내용이 무한히 지연되는 운동--차연(diffe'rance)--가운데 있다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 차연이란 시공간적 차이가 생산되는 능동적이자 수동적인 운동이며, 부재하는 것들이 현재적인 것을 낳거나 거두어가는 움직임이다. 의미 이해와 기호 교환의 배후인 이 차이의 그물망은 전체적인 것이되 닫혀진 체계가 아니며, 또한 거기에는 고정된 위계나 질서도 없다. 또한 그것은 어떤 사물이나 실체로서 표상할 수 없는 것이다. 개별적 인식과 기호사용을 조건짓고 또 비로소 개방하는 이 차이의 연쇄적 그물망은 현전의 방식으로 존재하지 않는다. 따라서 그것은 무에 가까운 것이며, 다만 그것이 개입하는 개별적 인식과 기호 사용에 흔적으로서 묻어날 뿐이다. 차연은 현재 속에서 배제되거나 부재하는 타자들이 현재의 가능성을 구성하면서 남기는 차이와 지연의 흔적이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 형이상학은 이 차연의 흔적을 표상하지 못할 뿐 아니라 사유하지 못한다. 그러나 이 무의식과 무능력이야말로 그 자신이 스스로 알지 못하는 형이상학 자체의 기원이자 본성이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다의 차연는 현재를 중심으로 이전에 현재했던 과거-현재와 앞으로 현재하게 될 미래-현재의 계기적 연속과정인 선형적 시간화(temporalisation)가 자신의 은폐되고 억압된 근거로서 시간내기를 전제할 수밖에 없다는 것을 보여 줌으로써 언어학적 인류학적 구조주의)소쉬르와 레비-스트로스)만이 아니라 하이데거의 철학까지도 포함되는 모든 현전(現前, Anwesenheit)의 철학, 로고스 중심주의의 철학을 해체한다. 이러한 관점에서 보자면 하나의 동일성이나 그러한 동일성을 갖는 존재자는 단지 다른 존재자와 공간적으로 구분되는 차이일 뿐 아니라 또한 시간적 타자의 결과라는 의미에서 하나의 흔적이며 궁극적 기원 자체는 비기원로서의 원초적 흔적(archi-trace). 이런 의미에서 데리다는 차이가 '기원적 차이'라고 말함.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 한 사물이나 의미의 현전적 자기동일성은 이 차연이 산출하는 무한한 차이의 연쇄 속에서 임시적으로 남겨진 앙금에 불과. 그러므로 차연보다 먼저 오는 실체, 동일성, 현전성은 없다. 차연은 고정된 본성이나 본질이 있는 그 '무엇'이 아니고, 그런 한에서 이름할 수 없는 것. 그러나 이 이름할 수 없는 것이 모든 이름과 개념, 모든 실체적 현전성과 자기 동일성을 낳은 것이며, 낳으면서 거두어 가는 것.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 차연에 이르는 길은 여전히 차이에 있다. 차연은 그것이 끊임없이 낳고 거두어 가는 차이로 지시될 수밖에 없다. 데리다의 차연에 이르기 위해서는 1) 소쉬르의 언어학적 차이, 2) 하이데거의 존재론적 차이를 통해야 한다.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;▶ 소쉬르의 언어학적 차이&lt;br /&gt;1) 기호의 의미는 그것보다 먼저 있는 대상을 지시하는 데 있는 것이 아니라, 언어 체계 내에서 그것이 다른 모든 기호들과 유지하고 있는 차이와 대조효과에 있다.&lt;br /&gt;2) 소쉬르: "언어에는 차이들밖에 없으며" "언어는 언어학적 체계에 선행하는 개념이나 소리를 담고 있는 것이 아니라 단지 이 체계로부터 유래하는 개념적 차이들과 음성적 차이들만 담고 있다."&lt;br /&gt;3) 개념이든 기호든 모든 것은 차이의 체계가 일으키는 기능적 효과에 불과하다. " 이 원리는 우리에게 다른 실체를--예를 들어 도형적이자 공간적 실체를--배제하면서 어떤 한 실체에--여기서는 음성적이자 시간적 실체에--특권을 부여하지 말 것을 요구할 뿐만 아니라, 모든 의미작용의 과정을 차이들의 형식적 유희로서 간주할 것을 요구한다. 그것을 흔적들의 유희로 이해할 것을 요구한다.&lt;br /&gt;4) 말의 동일성은 차이들의 연쇄적 그물망 안에서 반복적으로 성립하는 임의적 단위에 불과. 이 단어의 체계를 조직하는 차이의 동적 유희 안에서 모든 언어학적 단위는 그 자체로 자족적 실체성이나 자기 지시적 현전성을 소유할 수 없다.&lt;br /&gt;5) 그러므로 모든 언어 기호와 언어적 요소는, 개념적이건 음성적 이건 혹은 형태적이건, 차이와 대조의 연쇄적 그물망을 통해서 그것에 전해지는 언어학적 구조 전체의 흔적에서부터 비로소 구성되고 기능한다.&lt;br /&gt;6) 공간적 운동이자 시간적 운동으로서의 차연이 시작되고 펼쳐지는 범위는 현실적으로 존재하는 것의 범위를 넘어서고, 그래서 그것은 표상할 수 없는 것이다. 말의 의미를 배후에서 개방하는 전체로서의 차이의 그물망은 단순하게 현존하거나 단순하게 부재하는 것이 아니다. 그것은 다만 보이지 않는 흔적처럼 각각의 낱말 사용에 삼투하고 있다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 하이데거의 '존재론적 차이'&lt;br /&gt;1) 존재론적 차이란 존재와 존재자 사이에 서로 나누어지면서 이어지는 분간의 '사이'이다.&lt;br /&gt;2) 존재란 현존하는 것의 현전성을 허락하고 개방하고 비로소 가능하게 해주는 것이지만, 그 스스로는 존재자처럼 존재하지도 않고 표상되지도 않는 배후이다. 본질론적 물음과 인과율적 물음을 초과하는 이 존재의 흔적은 그러나 하나의 사물을 비로소 어떤 현전성 안에 개방하는 사건이자 그 지평(장소)이다. 그러므로 존재는 형이상학이 그것을 잊고 있을 때마저 존재자와 은폐된 관계를 맺고 있다. 형이상학 시대에는 아직 은폐된 채로 남아있는 이 양자의 관계가 하이데거가 말하는 존재론적 차이이다.&lt;br /&gt;3) 하이데거의 존재론적 차이는, 존재자를 개방하면서 그 뒤로 숨어 버리는 존재가 존재자 안에 남기는 주름이자 흔적. 이 주름과 흔적은 데리다의 자연처럼 시공간적인 '사이'이자 '지연'의 거리이다.&lt;br /&gt;4) 기호의 범람 속에서 실재성이 소멸하고 기표가 더 이상 기의에 근거하거나 종속되지 않는다는 것, 그래서 기표가 기표의 근거가 되고 기원이 된다는 것, 바로 여기에서 형이상학적 전제 위에 서 있던 고전적 기호개념이 파괴된다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 텍스트&lt;br /&gt;1) 데리다는 차이의 놀이가 벌어지는 장을 텍스트(texte)로 부름. 이 안에서 기표들은 그 자체의 의미가 아니라 기표들과의 차이, 대립관계를 통해 값이 고정될 수 있다. 이것은 기능하도록 허락하는 초언어적 개방성에 대한 이름, 언어와 기호에 속하는 모든 것은 이 유동적 상태에 있는 텍스트의 세계에 속한다. 따라서 "텍스트의 밖은 없고" "텍스트의 밖에는 아무 것도 없다" ; 그가 텍스트라고 부르는 것은 소위 '현실적' '경제적' '역사적' '사회-제도적'이라 불리는 모든 구조들을 뜻하며, 간단히 말해 모든 가능한 준거 대상을 말함. 여기에 "텍스트의 밖에는 아무 것도 없다"는 말을 상기하자.→그것은 모든 준거 대상과 현실적 실재가 차연적 흔적의 구조를 지니고 있으며, 그래서 우리가 어떤 해석의 경험 안에서가 아니라면 이 현실적 실재를 준거할 수 없다는 것을 뜻할 뿐이다. 그러므로 차연이 부정하는 것은 사물의 실재성이나 준거대상의 사실적 존재 가능성이 아니라 해석의 문맥으로부터 사물의 실재성을 추상하거나 고립시킬 수 있는 가능성이다. 그는 텍스트의 의미가 텍스트 안에서 규정될 수 있을 뿐이고 그것이 기표들의 운동에 따른 효과라고 본다. 데리다는 경험적 기표들 전체의 선험적 근거로 상정되는 선험적 기의를 허구라고 본다. 그렇다면 어떤 것도 차이관계의 놀이 '바깥'에서 그 자신의 동일성을 갖지 않는다.&lt;br /&gt;2) 텍스트란 직물조직처럼 이질적인 것들이 얽혀있는 세계의 지도를 그리는 것이기 때문에, 텍스트에서 하나의 원천적인 중심개념이 있을 수 없다.&lt;br /&gt;3) 데리다는 '텍스트성', '상호텍스트성'을 강조. 그는 모든 것이 텍스트 안에 있으며, "텍스트 바깥은 없다"고 선언. 그가 모든 것을 텍스트로 보는 것은 텍스트에서 각 요소들의 상관성을 은유적으로 표현한 것. 즉 기호의 체계에서 기호가 차이의 놀이 바깥에 있을 수 없는 것처럼 텍스트에서 각 요소들은 그 요소들의 망 안에서 차이관계에 의해서만 존재.&lt;br /&gt;4) 관념론의 관념성이 순수한 것이 아니라 다양한 경험적 내용이 각인되어 있는 흔적들일 뿐임을 보여준다. 즉 의식이 차이 관계, 제도, 규약, 역사, 실천들의 망에 의해 짜여진 텍스트의 효과에 지나지 않는다는 것.&lt;br /&gt;5) 데리다는(괴델의 불완전성 증명에 따라) 일련의 형식적인 논리적 공리가 세계의 진리나 의미, 또는 그 토대를 완전하게 설명할 수 있는 체계를 구성할 수 있다는 가정을 비판.→완전하고 절대적인 지식체계를 상정하면 그것은 완전하기 때문에 그 바깥이 있을 수 없다. 그런데 만약 잔여가 있다면, 체계와 그 바깥의 것을 한데 묶을 어떤 초월성을 가정해야 한다. 그런데 이것을 설명하기 위해서는 그 체계와 그 근거를 완결짓는 또 다른 초월성을 상정해야 하고 이 과정은 무한히 이어진다. 그래서 공리체계는 불완전할 수밖에 없다. 데리다는 이러한 결정 불가능성을 보여주기 위해 공리에 의해 결정될 수 없는 주변, 여백(marges)을 공략한다.&lt;br /&gt;6) 텍스트는 의미와무의미, 의미의 ks수와 복수의 그런 재래적인 인식이론적 테두리를 벗어나서 의미자체를 흩어버린다. 이것이 산종(散種disse'mination)&lt;br /&gt;▶ 흔적&lt;br /&gt;1) 데리다는 현전이 흔적에 의해 구성된다고 본다. 흔적이 만드는 차이공간이 있고 그 안에 최초의 현전이 마련된다. 어떤 단순성도 어떤 기원도 흔적에 앞서지 않는다. 오히려 흔적은 현전과 부재를 가능케 하는 장이라 할 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;2) 흔적은 지워지는 것, 곧 지워짐으로써만 나타난다. 그것은 차이 안에서 간접적으로 나타날뿐 현전하지 않는다. 그러면서도 오히려 현전을 가능케함.&lt;br /&gt;3) 차이들이 만든 놀이가 가능하기 위해서는 각각의 차이가 다른 것 속에 보존되고 흔적을 지녀야 한다. 이 놀이는 흔적에 의존하지만 각각의 흔적은 다른 흔적에 의해서만 존재하며 최초의 흔적이란 없다. 흔적은 의미 일반의 절대적 기원이다. 바로 이것은 의미 일반의 절대적 기원이 없다는 것을 뜻한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다가 플라톤에서 찾아낸 '파르마콘', 루소에게서 찾아낸 '대리적 보충' 등은 차연에 대한 특수한 역사적 사례.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 파르마콘&lt;br /&gt;1) 파르마콘은 데리다의 텍스트 가운데 한 교차점의 명칭. 단 텍스트의 교차지대는 지각작용에 현상으로 노출되지 않는다.&lt;br /&gt;2) 파르마콘은 &lt;약&gt;인 동시에 &lt;독&gt;이며, &lt;축복&gt;인 동시에 &lt;저주&gt;이다.&lt;br /&gt;3) 데리다의 철학에서 파르마콘은 상호이질적인 것들이 서로 차이를 형성하고, 그 차이가 모순 대립으로 가지 않으면서 차이의 차이가 서로 얽히는 텍스트를 만들기 때문에 탁월한 문자학의 세계를 구축하지만, 플라톤은 그런 차이의 차이가 한 개념 안에서 뛰노는 것을 혼동 자체로 보았다. 플라톤의 눈에는 한 몸에 상호 이질적인 것이 잡종으로 섞여 있는 것은 자연적 생명의 유기체적 질서에 대한 도전이었기 때문.&lt;br /&gt;4) 플라톤은 &lt;파르마콘&gt;과 &lt;문자&gt;를 같은 차원의 불청객으로 간주. 그 이유는 ▷ 문자와 파르마콘은 애매모호한 이중성의 얼굴을 갖고 있다. 학문은 참과 거짓, 안과 밖, 선과 악, 본질과 가상, 약과 독 등을 분명히 구분해서 전자의 계열을 취하는 것인데, 문자와 파르마콘은 그런 경계가 없이 뒤섞인 혼돈 그 자체, ▷ 문자와 파르마콘은 영혼의 자발적인 지식의 축적으로서 &lt;기억&gt;을 도와주지 못하고 생기가 빠진 죽은 지식만을 연상시켜 주는 &lt;회상&gt;만을 강화시켜 주어 오히려 인간의 기억력을 감퇴시키고, ▷ 문자와 파르마콘은 인간내면의 생명력과 관계없이 밖에서 들어온 침입자요 불청객이다. 그래서 파르마콘의 정체불명이고 엄밀한 정의가 불가능하고 자리가 분명치 않고, 마치 &lt;조커&gt;처럼 아무 카드에나 접목되어 놀이를 일삼는 유목민의 행태와 비슷하다. 그런점에서 파르마콘이나 문자는 자기 고유성과 정체성이 뚜렷하지 않아서 하나의 &lt;흔적&gt;이나 &lt;그림자&gt;나 &lt;환영&gt;과 같다.&lt;br /&gt;5) 파르마콘의 본질은 고정된 본질이나 고유한 성질을 갖고 있지 않기에 그것이 어떤 의미에서도 하나의 실체(형이상학적, 물리적, 화학적, 연금술적)가 아니라는 데 있다. 파르마콘은 어떤 관념적 동일성도 가지고 있지 않다. 그것은 비본질적인 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;6) 파르마콘은 兩價的(ambivalent)이다.&lt;br /&gt;7) 상반된 두 가지 사이에 오고 가면서 배드민턴 치기나 배구공을 서로 토싱하듯 차이와 연결의 유희를 하는 것이 &lt;파르마콘&gt;이다. 공이 왔다갔다하는 것은 일방의 행위가 타방에게 연계되고 또 타방이 일방에 연결되기에 가능하다. 이 연계나 연결은 공간적 간격과 시간적 대기가 한 묶음으로 작용하기에 가능하다. 이것이 곧 차연이다. 그런 점에서 파르마콘은 차연의 놀이와 다르지 않다. &lt;파르마콘은 대립된 두가지 항보다 더 나이가 들었다.&gt; 이 파르마콘이 상반된 두 항보다 더 늙었기에, 더 오래되었기에 각 항의 내면성과 순수성을 근원으로 여기고 싶은 모든 고유성의 형이상학, 내면의 형이상학에 큰 타격을 줌.&lt;br /&gt;8) 데리다가 지적한 제3의 장르로서의 그 빈 공간, 그 소굴은 좋은 문자/나쁜 문자, 소기/능기, 선/악, 축복/저주 등의 모든 한쌍의 대립을 가능케하는 하나의 기저와 같다고 할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그 빈 공간은 어떤 고유한 특성도 갖고 있지 않다. 그 공간은 모든 흔적을 다 받아들이는 자궁이요, 허공이다. 그래서 플라톤은 그곳을 어머니에 비유. 이 공간을 플라톤은 &lt;코라khora&gt;라고 하였다. 데리다에 의하면 코라는 로고스를 아들로 둔 이데아나 정신적 태양처럼 자기 것을 가지고 있지 않다. 자기 것이 없기 때문에 코라는 선험적인 관념성에 닮은 그런 소기가 아니다. 그런 점에서 코라는 의미도 아니고 개념도 아니다. 그것을 &lt;기저가 없는 기저&gt;라고 표현. 플라톤 주의를 해체시키는 열쇠를 데리다가 플라톤에게서 발견하게 되었다는 것은 하나의 역설. 그것은 이데아의 아버지와 전혀 다른 코라의 어머니요, 로고스의 말씀과 전혀 다른 파르마콘의 문자.&lt;br /&gt;9) 데리다는 이런 파르마콘을 변별화 일반을 자기 안에서 생기게 하고, 본질과 그 타자와의 대립을 자기 안에서 일어나게 하는 이전의 중용이라고 규명. 선/악, 감성/이성, 영혼/육체, 가시성/비가시성 등의 모든 차이들의 변별보다 더 나이가 먹었다. 그래서 파르마콘 안의 예의 상반된 두 가지가 날실과 씨실처럼 텍스트의 직물짜기를 형성하면서 서로 얽혀가기에 파르마콘은 하나의 상호 얽힘. 즉 파르마콘은 이미 그 자체가 텍스트. 파르마콘은 중심점이 없기에 &lt;대립의 일치&gt;와 같지 않다. 차연은 차이는 가져오나 대립을 잉태하지는 않는다.&lt;br /&gt;10) 파르마콘은 양가성의 선험적 바탕이고 양가적 변별을 가능케하는 &lt;이전의 중용&gt;이기에 논리적으로 그 어느 쪽보다 시간적으로 선행하지 않을 수 없다.&lt;br /&gt;11) 파르마콘의 논리는 동일률, 모순율, 排中律(A는 A이든지 *A이든지 둘중 하나이지 A도 *A도 아닌 제3자일 수는 없다)을 전적으로 무시한다. 형식논리, 로고스의 논리는 위의 동일률과 모순율이 합쳐져서 배중율과 같이 A이든지 *A이든지 둘 중의 하나를 선택하는 기본에서 성립하고 잇다. 즉 로고스의 논리를 영어로 표현하면 라는 공식으로 설명. 양자택일의 놀이요, 사고방식이다. 그러나 &lt;파르마콘&gt;의 논리는 양가성을 다 인정하기 때문에 라는 공식으로 표명. &lt;파르마콘&gt;은 양자택일이 아니고 양가성이나 양자공존 즉 同居의 논리라고 볼 수 있다. 로고스가 택일이나 선택의 논리라면 파르마콘은 동거의 논리이다.&lt;br /&gt;12) 젓가락 운동과 같은 양가성의 논리, 동거의 논리, 차연의 논리, 緣起의 논리는 또한 동시에 그 중심이 없기에 데리다는 그것을 &lt;이전의 중용&gt;, &lt;중립화&gt;라고 함. &lt;중립화&gt;라는 것은 이분법의 어느 측면도 단독으로 긍정하지 않음을 뜻하고 어느 편도 들지 않기에, 둘 다 양면긍정하는 셈이지만, 그 두가지에 또한 얽매이는 것이 아니기에 결국 파르마콘은 이중부정의 논리와 통한다. 양면부정은 파르마콘이 그 중심부가 없는 텅 빈 공간이나 골짜기와 같고 그래서 &lt;파르마콘&gt;은 곧 &lt;코라&gt;와 같은 논리에 속한다. &lt;코라&gt;는 어머니로서 모든 善惡과 生死와 藥毒을 초탈해있다. &lt;코라&gt;는 초탈의 논리. 이렇게 볼 때, 파르마콘이 동시에 코라이기도 하다. 파르마콘은 이중긍정의 논리, 의 논리이면서 동시에 코라의 異名인 한에서 그것은 이중부정의 논리, 의 논리이기도.&lt;br /&gt;13) 텍스트이론으로서의 파르마콘은 어느 일변도 타변에 의하여 문을 닫고 자족하는 자기 동일성을 인정하지 않는다. 이 세상의 모든 이치가 로고스가 아니고 파르마콘이라면, 결국 이 세상은 모두가 텍스트요, 텍스트 바깥에는 아무 것도 없다는 데리다의 명제가 정당한 셈이다. 모든 것이 텍스트라면 이 세상에 온전한 자기류나 자기성이란 존재할 수가 없고 사람들이 자기 정체성이나 자기성이라고 착각하고 잇는 것도 따지고 보면 이질성과 동거와 접목과 전염에 의하여 가능해진다. 그래서 데리다는 텍스트와 파르마콘이 &lt;종국적으로 뿌리가 없는 나무&gt;라고 비유.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 형이상학의 시대 끝에서 일어나는 기호의 과잉은 기존 언어개념의 테두리를 초과하면서 그 배후의 형이상학적 전제의 무능력을 가시화 시키는데 에크리튀르의 도래를 가져왔다. 이 에크리튀르는 바로 고전적으로 이해된 언어의 바깥이자 형이상학의 바깥이다. 그러나 에크리튀르는 또한 언어의 안이자 언어 자체이며, 그러므로 마찬가지로 차연은 형이상학의 안이자 형이상학 자체다. 형이상학의 시대는 차연이 그 안과 밖을, 그러나 서로 다른 구조로 짜나가면서 형성해놓은 어떤 문양이자 미로이다.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 음성중심주의와 글쓰기&lt;br /&gt;1. 글과 기억&lt;br /&gt;▶ 음성중심주의: 말을 입말 혹은 음성 언어위주로 이해하고 반면 문자적 기록이나 글을 파생적이고 대리적 언어로 이해하는 것. 서양인의 표음문자를 우월하게 보는 것도 이에 속한다. 문자가 음성언어를 모방하는 도구적 언어라는 음성중의 언어관은 플라톤 철학이래 계속 등장. 그것은 철학의 현전적 존재 이해와 진리 이해로부터 필연적으로 귀결할 수밖에 없는 사실. 특히 그것은 형이상학이 목소리에 부여한 과도한 특권과 분리할 수 없는 징후.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 음성중심주의는 말과 글을 구분하고 글에 대한 음성, 말에 특권을 부여하는 태도. 데리다는 음성에 특권을 부여하는 형이상학적 전통을 의문시하고 그러한 사고틀이 숨긴 모순을 폭로하고자 함. 이러한 시도는 로고스 중심주의, 이성중심주의에 대한 비판, 해체에 연결된다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 소크라테스는 진리가 음성/로고스에 온전하게 들어 있어서 말에서 진리가 직접 현전하는데 반해, 글에서는 진리가 직접 대면하는 것이 불가능하고 그것이 진리의 내용을 훼손시킨다고 봄. 이것을 데리다는 씌어진 기호로부터 독립된 순수한 진리를 주장하는 태도, 곧 자기 현전하는(말해진) 진리의 권위를 주장하는 것으로 이해.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 플라톤은 문자가 기록을 통해 기억을 보완하지만, 그것이 생생한 진리를 기억하는데 도움을 주지 못하고 죽은 진리만을 전할뿐이라고 본다. 기억(mneme)은 현존하는 말을 통해 생생한 생명을 간직하지만 회상(hypomnesis)은 문자를 통해 생명없는 죽은 내용을 되풀이한다. 이처럼 플라톤은 글이 기억이 아니라 상기시키는 수단일 뿐이며, 진리가 아니라 외형적 지식을 줄뿐이라고 본다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다는 후설이나 루소같이 음성중심주의를 극단까지 밀고 나가는 언어이론을 통해서 순수한 음성적(시간적) 현전성이 불가능하다는 것을 증명. 형이상학적 언어이론이 의미의 순수한 현전을 위하여 외면적 요소를 환원한 끝에 남아있는 잔여 속에서, 그 외면적 요소가 오히려 의미의 현전을 위한 필수 불가결한 구성적 요소임을 지적하는 것이 그 증명. 여기서 형이상학의 시대에 속하는 하나의 이론이 어떤 원초적 현전성에 도달하였다고 믿는 순간, 그 현전성 그것이 배제하던 것과의 차연적 관계에 의하여 조건지어져 있음이 밝혀진다. 나아가서 현전의 시간성뿐만 아니라 그것이 반복되는 모든 현재적 순간은 이미 차연적 관계와 흔적을 통해서 조건지어져 있음이 밝혀진다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다가 형이상학을 음성중심주의로 재구성하는 것은 그의 언어철학과 해체론에서 가장 독창적인 방법적 절차에 해당. 왜냐하면 그러한 절차가 데리다에게 그라마톨로지를 중심으로 해체론적 언어철학을 개성 있는 부피 안에 담을 수 있는 그릇이 되게 하고, 하이데거를 해체할 수 있는 실마리를 제공하기 때문.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다에 따르면 형이상학의 시대는 언어의 차원에서 두 가지 특징을 필연적으로 노출;&lt;br /&gt;1) 문자언어에 대한 비하와 그 짝을 이루는 음성언어 위주의 언어 이해→음성중심주의&lt;br /&gt;2) 형이상학의 시대는 언어의 언어됨을 책의 관념 속에서 표상하며, 이는 이 책의 관념이 형이상학적 진리 이해에 대한 은유이기 때문. 책을 통하여 비유되는 형이상학적 진리란 총체적 세계를 이루는 진리다. 형이상학의 시대란 책의 시대이고, 이 책의 관념을 통하여 진리의 총체성과 체계성을 보존하고 방어하는 시대이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 이런 이항 대립적 개념체계로서 조직되는 형이상학의 시대에 언어는 음성언어 위주로 이해되고 책의 관념 속에서 형이상학적 진리 개념을 보존한다. 이 시대에 개념적 의미는 언어보다 앞선다. 언어는 자기 동일적 의미를 대신하는 기표이다. 그러나 기표로서의 음성은 내면적 의미를 외면화시키자마자 즉각 소멸한다. 내면성은 거기서 비매개적으로 표현되는 것처럼 보인다. 의미한다는 것은 목소리 현상으로서의 말하는 것이고, 이는 자기 자신을 듣는 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 목소리를 통하여 내면은 비매개적 자기현전과 자기감응을 체험한다. 본래적인 말 혹은 로고스는 말하면서 스스로 듣고, 이를 통하여 자기 현전성 안에 머물러 있는 목소리이다. 이것이 형이상학의 시대에 '존재의 목소리', '양심의 목소리', '신의 음성'과 같은 표현들이 지녔던 강제력의 배후이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 이런 음성중심주의 안에서 문자는 음성적 기표를 대신하는 이차적 기표이다. 문자는 음성에 종속되어 있을 뿐만 아니라, 음성이 대신하는 개념적 의미에 종속되어 있다. 문자의 존재 이유는 음성을 담고 개념적 의미를 담는 데 있다. 그러나 정보화 사회에서 목격할 수 있는 언어의 인플레이션 속에서, 이런 음성중심주의 언어관과 그 배후의 형이상학적 전제는 효력을 상실한다. 범람하는 기호들은 대다수가 음성에 대응하지 않으며, 자기 동일적으로 고정된 의미에 종속되어 있지 않다. 많은 기호작용은 목소리 없이, 어떤 개념적 실재와 무관하게 이루어진다. 여기서 기호들은 다만 기표의 기표로서, 기표와 기표의 관계 안에서 기능한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 에크리튀르:&lt;br /&gt;데리다는 음성과 초월적 기의로부터 해방된 기표와 문자적 표기들을 에크리튀르(ecriture)라 불렀다. 형이상학적 언어 이해 범위를 이탈하는 이 에크리튀르가 연전히 기호학적 의미 작용 속에 놓이는 것은 바로 거기에 차연이 개입하여 부재하는 타자들의 흔적을 남기기 때문이다.&lt;br /&gt;2. 말과 글&lt;br /&gt;▶ 말/글, 기원/보충, 현전/부재의 대립은 로고스 중심적 이성이 내세우는 이원적 대립구조와 연결.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 진리, 말, 글은 각각 아버지, 착한 아들, 나쁜 아들로 비유됨. 말(logos)은 위대한 주인이며 눈부신 정신적 태양인 아버지의 뜻을 전하는 노릇을 함. 이처럼 말: 로고스의 기원은 그 아버지인 진리. 말은 아버지의 충성스런 아들, 또는 합법적인 자녀지만, 글은 만민의 아버지의 말씀을 대신하는 사생아, 또는 고아. 이는 글이 아버지의 현존 없이 아버지의 말을 기록해서 그 말을 대신할 수 있기 때문. 글은 아버지의 부재를 대체, 보충할 수 있는 위험스러운 것.&lt;br /&gt;3. 독이면서 약인 글&lt;br /&gt;▶ 독당근은 독이면서 약이란 의미: 글은 자기를 낳아준 부모를 죽이는 자. 따라서 글쓰기는 그것이 말과 사고에 대한 위험한 보충, 대체인 점에서 독이다. 글에서는 말이 갖는 직접성이 깨뜨려지고 다른 외적 요소가 개입되므로 의미의 자기현전이 파괴된다. 곧 말은 글에서 자기를 잃어버릴 위험이 있다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 글에서 의미는 소외된다. 이런 까닭으로 음성중심주의는 글을 혐오하게 된다. 기호로 새겨진 의미는 저자의 의도에 대해 자율적이고 독립적이다. 그것은 저자의 부재를 대신한다. 이런 기호는 말하는 사람이 부재하는 경우에도 여전히 의미작용을 만들어낸다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 글을 독당근으로 본다면 글은 자기현전을 제거하는 독이다. 글은 의미를 저자 바깥에 둔다. 그러나 약의 역할도 한다. 의미가 저자의 의도와 똑같이 존속할 수 있는 것은 그것이 말에 의해 일시적으로 존재하다가 망각되는 것이 아니라, 글에 의해 반복됨으로써 다시 재생 기억되기 때문이다. 글은 직접적인 자기현전인 말을 소외시키는 '병'인 동시에 표현된 장소와 시간의 제약을 뛰어넘어 그것을 치유하는 '약'&lt;br /&gt;▶ 현전은 기호란 타자를 이용하고, 기호의 몸을 빌려야 한다.(또는 기호호 보충되어야 한다.) 즉 현전은 기호로 나타나면서 순수한 자기모습을(자기에 낯선) 기호로 변형시켜야 한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다는 소크라테스와 플라톤이 글을 비난하면서도 동시에 그것을 요구하는 이중적 태도를 가진다고 지적. 영원한 진리가 말에 의해서만 존속할 수는 없다. 역설적으로 말을 소외시키는 글에 의해서만 진리의 영원함이 보존될 수 잇다. 말에 의한 현전을 재현시키기 위한 수단인 글이 필요하다. 그렇지만 그것은 영혼을 그 바깥에 씌어진 기호로 물질화함으로써 영혼의 자기 대화를 소외시키는 악이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 서양 형이상학의 주된 전통은 이런 독당근을 기피하고 원초적 현전을 중시한다. 따라서 철학적 작업은 기원을 보존하려는 것이고, 그러한 현전을 보충, 대체하는 것을 비난한다. 그래서 그것은 기원의 의미를 재파악하고 '반복'하고자 한다. 그렇지만 그런 반복은 기호의 보충, 대체에 의해서만 가능&lt;br /&gt;4 대리적 보충 (위험한 보충; supplement)&lt;br /&gt;▶ 루소는 글을 위험한 보충이라고 봄: 글쓰기는 주체가 말하는 기표를 그 주체 이외의 것에서 차용하는 것으로 대체물이고 보충이다. 이런 글쓰기와 같은 것으로 직접민주주의를 불완전하게 대체하는 대의제란 정치제도나 정상적인 성관계를 대체하여 자연을 속이는 자위를 들 수 있다. 이러한 글은 기호로 현전을 대체하여 현전을 어긋나게하고 지연시킨다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 보충을 문제 삼을 때 흔히 이미 완전한 전체가 있고 보충되는 것은 그것의 '밖'에 덧붙여진 '잉여물'로 본다. 그런 덧붙임은 그것이 덧붙여지는 완전한 것에 비하여 부차적이다. 그러므로 그것은 아무 것도 아니거나 사소한 것에 지나지 않는다. 그렇다면 그런 사소한 것이 왜 필요할까?&lt;br /&gt;▶ 말은 자족적 진리를 지니므로 글은 불필요한 보충이다. 글은 말의 진리내용에 아무것도 더하지 않는다. 그런데 만약 이런 경우라면 보충은 불필요하다. 따라서 보충이 '어떤(중요한 것)'이 되기 위해서는 말에 어떤 '결핍'이 있어야 할 것이다. 곧 말자체가 완전하지 않으므로 그것을 보충하게 된다. 따라서 보충은 바깥의 덧붙임이 아니라(적어도 보충되는 만큼) 보충되는 것에 필수 불가결한 것이고, 어떤 의미를 지니는 것이다. 이렇게 볼 때 보충은 아무 것도 보충하지 않는 것이면서 동시에 무엇인가를 보충하는 것이기도 하다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 루소에게 보충은 자연적 결핍을 완성시키는 것이다. 그런데 그것이 자연의 순결함을 해칠 위협요소가 될 수도 있기에 교육은 위험한 보충이다. 그러나 교육은 필요한 것이기도 함. 데리다는 여기에서 그러한 보충이 불필요한 첨가물이 아니라 사실은 그것이 보충되는 것에 본질적인 것이며, 그것의 결핍을 나타낸다는 점을 지적한다. 데리다는 이런 문제제기를 통해 살아있는 말과 죽은 글을 대립시키고, 목소리로 진리의 현전을 확보한다는 모든 형이상학적 시도를 공격한다. 말/글의 이분법은 형이상학적 이분법(본질/현상, 내용/형식, 동일성/차이, 절대/상대……)과 깊은 관련을 지니며, 그것을 재생산한다. 그리고 말을 통한 진리의 현전은 타자의 매개 없는 순수한 자기 현전이라는 틀을 고수한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 형이상학적 진리관: 진리는 기표와 독립해서 그것에 앞서는 기의이다. 진리 안에서 사물 자체는 사고와 일치한다.(지성과 대상의 일치) 진리를 말하는 것(또는 쓰는 것)은 하나의 기술을 사용하여 순수한 자기 현전을 반영하는 것이다. 이처럼 진리를 말할 수 있는 까닭은 기의가 그것을 표현하는 기표 속에 이전되기 전에 이미 그 자체로, 지성적인 것으로 존재할 수 있기 때문이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 형이상학은 차이들이 아니라 동일성을 바탕으로 삼는다. 동일성의 틀은 차이, 현상, 변화, 혼란을 극복할 수 있다. 진리의 자기 현전도 이런 동일성을 의미한다. 그런데 자기현전, 동일성은 자기 안에 어떠한 차이도 지니지 않는 것이어야 한다. 그런데 동일성은 차이를 전제하고 차이에 의해서만 생겨나면서도 차이를 모조리 지워버려야만 순수한 자기 자신, 같음, 차이 없음, 어떠한 타자성도 끼여들지 않음으로 존재할 수 있다. 이렇게 볼 때 동일성은 자신의 출생 기록부를 제거, 은폐한다.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 끝에서 울타리로&lt;br /&gt;▶ 울타리&lt;br /&gt;1) 차연이 체계나 구조 혹은 역사적 미로를 조성하는 능력을 '울타리'라는 말을 통해 표기.&lt;br /&gt;2) 하이데거가 사용한 그리스적 의미의 경계peras; 경계는 어떤 것이 가다가 멈추는 것이 아니다. 그것은 오히려 어떤 것이 그 안에서 생성하는 곳이며, 그 생성된 것이 그 안에 머물러 있을 때, 그 한계는 그것을 이러저러하게 '꼴'짓는 어떤 것이며, 다시 말해서 그것을 어떤 형태 안에 서 있게 하고 그렇게 서 있는 것을 체류하도록 하는 어떤 것이다. 이런 경계짓기를 통하여 해체론은 비로소 탈형이상학적이자 비형이상학적 사유의 가능성을 긍정적으로 모색할 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;3) 이중회기; 하이데거적으로 말하자면 그것은 존재의 역운이 일으키는 어떤 특정한 시대의 기원이자 종말이다. 데리다적으로 말하자면 그것은 차연이 일으키는 '이중회기'.&lt;br /&gt;4) 해체론이 그리는 경계란 형이상학의 능력과 무능력, 가능성과 불가능성, 이론적 시야와 맹목, 그 기원과 종말을 동시에 가시화시키는 그런 테두리. 파르마콘(독/약), 대리적 보충, 처녀막, 그 밖에 데리다가 형이상학의 시대에 속하면서 이미 그 시대 바깥으로 향하고 있는 것으로 찾아내는 여러 가지 기술적 용어들 전체가 그에 해당.&lt;br /&gt;5) 그의 용어선택과 조어법은 단순한 재치나 대화의 회피 혹은 사적 언어의 유희에서 비롯되는 것이 아니다. 그 기준은 바로 형이상학의 안과 밖을 동시에 표기하고 서술하는 가능성.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 해체한다는 것은 형이상학과 무관한 것에 입지를 두거나 근거를 두고서 비판과 부정을 행사하는 것이 아니다. 그것은 형이상학의 기원으로 되돌아가면서 형이상학의 본성과 역사를 사유하는 것이며, 그 본성과 역사가 일정한 형태로 보존되기 위해서 배제되거나 억압된 것을 사유하는 것이다. 하이데거의 말에 따르면 해체란 형이상학의 근원에 있으면서 형이상학에게 "감추어져 있는 시작의 법칙을 다시 자유롭게 하는 것"이며, 형이상학의 근원에 대한 "시원적이고 참된 관계"를 회복하는 절차이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 형이상학이 출발하는 근원이지만 형이상학의 무능력이 총체적으로 증명되는 결정적 한계점, 바로 그곳이 해체론이 모든 방법적 전략과 노력 끝에 도달하고자 하는 장소. 해체론은 이 장소에서 형이상학의 모든 것을 보고자 한다. 형이상학에 속하고 속하지 않는 것, 형이상학의 역사와 운명, 그것이 생산하는 개념들간의 상호연계성과 통일성, 그 개념들의 체계가 만드는 허점과 그 허점을 통해 드러나는 바깥 등 등을 가장 경제적이고 효율적으로 서술할 수 있는 입지를 얻고자 하는 것이다. 데리다는 바로 그런 해체론이 도달하는 마지막 장소를 울타리라고 불렀다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 형이상학의 완결&lt;br /&gt;1) 철학을 완결한다는 것은 그것을 완전하게 하는 것이 아니다. 그것은 철학에 주어진 가능성을 최종적으로 실현한다는 것을 의미한다. 그런 완결로서의 끝은 어떤 장소를 이루고, 그 장소란 "그 안에서 철학의 역사 전체가 자신의 극단적 가능성의 안에서 회집하는 장소이다. 완결로서의 끝은 이러한 회집을 뜻한다."&lt;br /&gt;2) 철학의 끝은 이 서양적 사유에 기초한 기술문명이 세계의 문명 자체가 되기 시작하는 장소. 그러므로 철학의 종언 혹은 끝이란 시간적 정지나 소멸이 아니라 처음의 가능성이 소진되면서 어떤 장소와 지대를 허락하고, 그 지대 속에서 마지막 변형의 모습을 취하는 것. 그러므로 형이상학은 '극복' 이후에도 소멸하는 것은 아니며 해체이후에도 자취를 감추는 것이 아니다. 다만 변형된 모습으로 다시 돌아올 뿐이며, 그러나 다만 예전의 주도적 지배력을 상실한 채 되돌아올 뿐이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 차연이 데리다의 언어철학을 대변하는 중심용어라면, 이 울타리란 말은 니체와 하이데거에서부터 계승되는 '형이상학의 극복'의 과제를 대변하는 용어. 차연처럼 시공간적인 사태를 지칭.울타리를 동사와 명사의 이중적 의미로 새겨야 하는 것은 그것이 차연이 만들어 놓은 것이기 때문. 그러므로 데리다의 차연은 울타리라는 개념과 분리될 때 해체론적 기능을 상실한다. 왜냐하면 차연이 시대와 체계의 구성능력으로부터 추상되기 때문이며, 종언과 극복의 과제로부터 분리되기 때문. 데리다의 해체론은 이런 다의적 의미의 울타리 그리기이다. 여기서 그려지는 울타리는 형이상학의 시작과 끝이 회집하는 장소이며, 동시에 형이상학의 바깥 또는 여백이 형이상학의 안과 맺고 있는 차연적 관계 속에서 드러나는 경계. 데리다가 형이상학의 시대를 꼴 짓는 울타리를 그렸을 때, 그 닫으면서 열리는(구성하면서 파괴하는) 그 경계 안에는 플라톤이래 후설에 이르는 무수한 철학자들이 갇혀 있다. 그러나 그 경계 위에 서 있는 철학자들, 즉 헤겔과 하이데거, 소쉬르가 그들이다. 헤겔의 변증법, 소쉬르의 언어학적 차이와 하이데거의 존재론적 차이는 그 경계 위에서 차연의 세계로 가는 길목을 이룬다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 차연이 존재론적 차이보다 더 과격하고 데리다가 그래서 하이데거의 탈형이상학적 사유에 다시 울타리를 그릴 수 있는 것은, 진리에 대하여 고향을 설정하지 않기 때문. 데리다는 언어를 통하여 어떤 '집'(존재의 집)을 생각하지 않는다. 모든 집과 고향 또는 모든 울타리와 장소(시대)는 차연이 만드는 임시적 이코스(집)이고 "경제적 축적의 온상(화로, 집, 중심)"이다. 형이상학의 음성위주의 언어관과 책의 관념 속에 보호되는 진리관이 해체되었을 때 드러나는 차연과 '텍스트'의 세계에는 다만 유목적 정착만이 있을 뿐이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 현전하는 모든 것, 진리라 불리는 모든 것은 한 곳에 정착하고 거주하자마자 비현전과 비진리로서 이중화되고 분산된다. 또 모든 가능성의 조건은 동시에 불가능성의 조건이 되고, 그래서 모든 구축은 탈구축의 가운데 허락된다. "차연이라는 것, 이 원초적 현전성의 소멸은 '동시에' 진리의 가능성 조건이자 불가능성의 조건"이다. 동시에 바로 이 '동시에'는 자신의 진리 안에, 그 진리의 동일성과 현전성 안에 현재하는 존재자가 스스로 나타나고 현전하자마자 '이중화된다'는 것을 말하고 있다.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;유령론&lt;br /&gt;▶ 차이의 작용은 이중경제의 관점에서 고찰되면 제한 경제와 일반경제 사이의 의사초월론적 관계로 나타난다. 제한경제와 일반경제라는 용어는 바따이유의 원래 용어법에서는 각기 1) 생산과 축적, 금욕을 중심으로 한 서양의 전통적인 경제체제(제한 경제)와 2)경제과정에서 불가피하게 발생하는 잉여생산물을 소비하는데 중점을 두는 미개사회의 낭비와 주권적 위신의 경제체제(일반경제)라는 의미로 사용된다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다는 이를 보다 일반화하여 제한경제를 의미와 현전, 전유/고유화(appropriation)의 체계 일반으로 설정하고, 일반경제를 이러한 제한경제의 은폐되고 배제된 근거, 다시말해 제한경제가 존재하기 위해서 필연적으로 전제해야 하는 것이지만 동시에 그러한 제한 경제의 내부에서 억압되어 그 자체로 현전할 수 없는 이타성의 관계로 체계화한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 그러나 일반경제의 타자들은 이렇게 억압되고 배제된다하더라도 그것들이 제한경제의 근거 자체를 구성하기 때문에 필연적으로 제한 경제 내부로 다시 복귀하게 되며, 이 때문에 모든 목적론적 희망에도 불구하고 제한경제는 완성될 수 없고 종결될 수 없다. 따라서 일반경제는 제한경제를(성립) 가능하게 하는 동시에 (완결) 불가능하게 한다는 점에서 제한경제의 의사초월론적 근거를 구성한다. 그리고 이런 의미에서 차이는 모든 현전과 로고스의 체계, 형이상학적인 지배의 체계로서의 제한 경제와 그것의 은폐된 전제를 구성하는 일반경제(흔적, 기록, 대리적 보충, 은유 등과 같은 표지로 표현되는)로 구성된다고 할 수 있다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 이러한 이중경제의 문제설정에서 본다면 데리다가 말하는 "해체의 일반전략"은 우선 제한 경제의 메커니즘을 해체시키고, 그 안에서 억압되고 배제되어 있는 일반경제의 이타성을 복권시키는 것이라 할 수 있다.(전복) 하지만 이것이 제한경제의 완전한 소멸과 일반경제의 완전한 실현을 의미하지는 않는다. 왜냐하면 데리다의 말처럼, 일반경제는 "무의미와 죽음, 절대적 손실"의 공간 또는 푸코식으로 말하자면 광기의 공간이며, 이러한 공간의 완전한 실현은 삶 자체, 존재 자체의 순수한 소멸에 다름 아니기 때문.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 순수한 전복적 전략의 위험에서 벗어나기 위한 새로운 전략이 필요, 이것이 &lt;긍정적 전위&gt;라고 부르는 것: 이러한 전위의 전략은 우리와 적, 선과 악, 법과 폭력 및 제한 경제와 일반경제를 포함하는 모든 이원적 대립질서 자체에 대한 해체와 전화(轉化, transformation)를 목표로 한다. 타자의 이타성이 정립된다면, 단지 정립되기만 한다면, 이것은 동일자로 귀착되는 역설을 막기 위해서는 타자를 타자로서 동일화하는 매커니즘 자체의 전화가 필요하기 때문. 이런 의미에서 해체의 근본 목표는 입장의 자기 해체, 자기 전화를 통해 해방의 퇴락의 조건들을 제거하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 해체의 일반전력은, 적어도 정치문제에서는, 아직 막연하고 추상적으로 남아있다는 점을 인정해야 한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다의 체계의 문제설정은 강한 의미에서 철학적이면서 정치적인 것이므로, 서양형이상학에 대한 해체가 실효를 거두기 위해서는 지배체계의 구조적 폭력에 대한 비판과 연결되어야 하며, 또한 정치적 비판이 근본적이기 위해서는 그 형이상학적 토대에 대한 해체와 전위에까지 이르러야 하는데, 적어도 초기의 작업에서는 이 양자가 긴밀한 상호연관을 이루지 못하기 때문.따라서 {막스의 유령들}( 및 최근의 작업 전체)은 1) 데리다 자신의 초기 문제 설정의 &lt;내재적 교정&gt;과 2) 막스와 유산에 대한 &lt;비판적 상속&gt;이라는 이중적 관점에서 읽혀져야 한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 차이가 차이와 음성상으로 구분되지 않는 것과 마찬가지로 존재론과 음성상으로 제대로 구분되지 않는 &lt;유령론&gt;은 차이의 문제설정의 핵심을 계승하면서 이를 정치의 해체를 위한 요소들로 재가공하는 역할을 수행한다. 유령론은 생생한 현재의 순수성을 보존하기 위해 계속해서 되돌아오는 유령들을 몰아내고자 하는 존재론의 푸닥거리. 이때 유령은 살아있는 존재는 아니지만 계속 출몰하고 되돌아온다는 의미에서 완전히 소멸해 있는 자도 아니며, (면장갑 속에 가려져 있어) 그 동일성을 확인할 수 없는 "어떤 한 타자로서의 어떤 것/하나"로 남아있다는 의미에서 탁월하게 차이적인 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 차이의 문제 설정에서는 시간내기의 작용이 생생한 현재의 시간화, 특히 목적론적 시간화를 해체하기 위해서 예정된 목적을 지연시키고 일탈시키는 작용으로 제시되고 있는 데 반해, 유령론에서 시간내기는 근본적으로 (의사-)종말론적인 도래의 약속이라는 의미를 지님.&lt;br /&gt;▶ The time is out of joint; out of joint가 이중적 함의. 1) 원래 진행되어야 하는 대로 이루어지지 않은 연결고리, 이음매가 빠져 있는 것, 따라서 불의를 의미. 2) 예정된 시간적 진행이 현전의 질서이면서 동시에(정의와 구별되는) 법적 질서라는 것을 고려한다면, 는 &lt;현재&gt;들의 선형적 연속에서 은폐되고 억압되어 있는 시간내기의 "증여 사건"이 드러날 수 있는 기회를 의미하기도 한다. 즉 과거-현재, 현재, 미래-현재로 이어지는 선형적 시간화에서 의사 초월론적 근거를 구성하는 것은 현전하는 것들을 이어주는 이음매로서의 인데, &lt;증여의 사건&gt;은 선형적 시간화에서는 현재들의 연속 속에서 억압되어 있다가 의 순간에서만 드러나는 것이다. 따라서 는 폭력과 일탈을 의미할 수 있는 반면, 그 자체 독점된 폭력과 다름없는 법적 질서의 연속이 해체되고 전위될 수 있는 기회, 즉 "메시아적 정의"가 도래할 수 있는 기회가 될 수도 있다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 이렇게 가 한편에서는 불의와 폭력, 다른 한편에서는 정의라는 두가지 가능성의 동시적 개방을 의미하기 때문에, 이러한 가능성들의 선별이라는 문제가 제기. 데리다는 이 문제가 전적으로 우리가 타자에 대한 책임을 떠맡을 수 있는가에 달렸다고 생각한다. 이러한 데리다의 관점은 "타자와의 관계가 곧 정의이다"라는 레비나스의 함축적인 테제에서 유래한다. 타자와의 "무한한 비대칭성"속에서 자신의 입장을 "탈-정립"하면서 타자에게 스스로를 절대적으로 개방하는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 타자와의 관계, 또는 타자에 대한 책임을 떠맡는다는 것은 또한 자기의 동일성을 해체한다는 것을 의미한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다의 타자에 대한 책임, 환대(hospitalite)는 윤리적 요청에 그치는 것이 아니라 구체적인 정치적 관점과도 긴밀한 연관. 지금-여기 도래하고 도래해야 하는 "(해방의) 약속의 형식적 구조...해방의 약 속의 특정한 경험"을 의미하며, 타자의 도래라는 정의의 사건에 대해 책임을 지고 환대할 것을 요구하는 실천적 명령을 함축하는 것이다. 이러한 의미에서 타자의 도래는 차이의 조건 자체. "이타성 없이는 차이도 없고, 단독성 없이는 이타성도 없으며, 지금-여기 없이는 단독성도 없다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 유령론의 탈해방적 정치는 이러한 해방의 정치의 역설, 즉 해방운동 자체가 또 하나의 폭력과 지배로 전도되는 역설의 경험에 대한 반성으로부터 출발한다. 하지만 데리다에게서 지배자와 피지배자 사이에는 폭력과 저항의 관계가 존재함에도 불구하고, 절대적인 경계, 비대칭성은 존재하지 않는다. 오히려 절대적인 악, "원초적 폭력"은 유한자로서의 인간이 생존하기 위해서는 동일성과 고유성, 자기보존이 불가피하다는 사실에서, 따라서 타자의 배제와 억압이 불가피하다는 사실에서 비롯된다. 그리하여 데리다가 볼 때 유령과 현실을 구분하려는 막스의 시도는 오히려 순수한 동일성에 대한 집착을 보여주는 것이며, 자신의 유한성, 자신의 폭력성을 혁명의 목적론, 즉 지양의 목적론을 통해 삭제하려는 원초적 폭력의 간지(奸智)를 보여 주는 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 따라서 데리다는 &lt;현재&gt;처럼 폭력적인 세계화의 질서 속에서 해방의 정치와 막스의 유산을 상속하고 보존하는 것이 우리 모두의 의무라고 말하지만, 또한 이러한 상속은 항상 비판적 선별을 요구한다고 주장한다. 유령들은 항상 "하나 이상이자 더 이상 하나가 아니"며 우리가 유산을 기억하고 보존해야하는 막스라는 유령이 존재한다면 또한 막스가 몰아내려고 했던 막스 자신의 유령도 존재하기 때문.&lt;br /&gt;▶ {막스의 유령들}에서 이러한 선별적 상속의 과제는 데리다가 "새로운 인터내셔널"이라고 부르는 정치적 교통, 또는 차지들 사이의 개방적 관계 설정의 과제로 집약. 이러한 과제는 한편으로 구조적인 착취와 폭력에 저항하기 위해서는 대항폭력의 조직이 불가피하다는 요구와, 다른 한편으로 근대적 해방운동의 역설을 넘어서기 위해서는 이러한 폭력은 스스로를 해체하는 폭력이어야 한다는 요구 모두를 충족시켜야 하기 때문. 하지만 이러한 인터내셔널, 즉 "신분과 직위, 호칭 없이, 은밀하지 않지만 거의 공적인 것도 아니며, 계약을 맺지 않고, 조정 없이, 당과 조국, 민족공동체... 공동체 시민성 없이, 어떤 계급으로의 공동적 소속 없이 이루어지는 비동시적인 연대"는 폭력적인 세계화의 전개에 대한 가장 강력한 저항 수단중 하나이며, 새로운 해방의 정치의 불가결한 목표 중 하나라는 점.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; 미국에서의 데리다 수용&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다는 예일학파(폴 드 만, 불룸 등)을 통해서 또 이들과 더불어 미국에 소개. 해체론은 문학비평가들과 문학독자의 범위를 벗어나 언어철학자 혹은 분석철학자들에 의해 수용. 수용이라기 보다는 논쟁과 비판. 그밖에는 로티의 경우에서처럼, 해체론은 미국적 실용주의의 전통 안에서 수정. 그러나 최근에 해체론을 타자에 대한 배려에 기초한 탈관념론적 윤리학으로서, 혹은 텍스트에 기반한 어떤 실천적 행위로서 해석하는 경향이 두드러지고 있다.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;평가&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다는 열림과 자유를 추구한다. 그는 획일화, 동질화, 균등한 문화와 상업적 질서에 반대하면서 그것에 어떠한 대안적 체계도 세우지 않은 채 맞서고자 한다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 그는 열린 공동체를 추구. 이것은 폐쇄되지 않고 성원 각자의 자유에 맡겨진 공간으로서, 조화로운 전체나 합의에 매달리지 않고 불일치나 갈등을 넘어서는 근본적 일치를 추구하지 않는다. 그는 자신과 타자 사이에 어떠한 공통의 척도, 메타언어, 초월적 기준이 있다고 보지 않음.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 예일학파를 중심으로 미국에서 해체주의 비평운동으로 전개: 철학이 수사법에 지나지 않으면서도 스스로의 계보를 숨김으로써 특권적 진리를 가정하고 있다는 것을 밝혀 철학을 탈신비화한다. 이들은 데리다의 해체를 텍스트의 '자유로운 놀이'에 대한 유토피아를 꿈꾸는 것이라고 해석한다. 이들은 기표를 선험적 기의에 대한 의무로부터 해방시키고자 한다. 그래서 텍스트는 독립성을 가지며, 고정된 의미의 속박이 없으며, 텍스트 자체가 자신의 생명을 갖고 가능한 의미의 무한한 계열을 자유롭게 만들어 낸다고 본다. 이것은 고정된 해석과 텍스트 근저에 있는 불변적 의미를 추구하는 '랍비'적 독해보다는 어떠한 의미의 폐쇄도 없는 조이스적 독해를 추구.&lt;br /&gt;▶ {마르크스와 유령들}: 사회주의의 몰락으로 맹목적으로 질주하는 자본주의의 신질서에 대항하고, 착취와 고통에 시달리는 현상황에 맞서기 위한 연대이다. 그는 우리가 마르크스의 상속자라기보다는 우리의 유산에서 마르크스를 제거할 수 없으며, 마르크스와 그의 유산이 없이는 미래가 없다고 주장한다. 그는 마르크스의 상품의 물신성이란 개념을 상품의 교환가치라는 '감각적이고 초감각적인'유령이 벌이는 요술로 재해석. 그는 오늘날 자유민주주의 체제와 자본주의 시장의 무자비한 폭력을 옹호하는 큰 이야기와 대결할 수 있는 교조화되지 않은 '마르크스의 정신들'을 환기시킨다. 그는 역사상 인간들이 이토록 폭력, 불평등, 배제, 기아,. 경제적 탄압에 시달린 적이 없다고 본다. 그는 이에 맞서기 위한 연대를 제안하는데, 그것은 특이하게도 어떠한 조직도, 당도, 교리도, 이데올로기도 없는 인터내셔널을 말한다. 이것은 텔레-테크놀러지에 의해 마련된 새로운 공적 영역, 여론의 공간을 배경으로 삼는 커뮤니케이션의 변화와 관련된다.&lt;br /&gt;▶ 데리다 해체의 문제점:&lt;br /&gt;1) 해체는 철학적 텍스트, 특히 철학적 이성을 해체함으로써 결과적으로 기존제도, 체제에 대한 합리적 저항의 가능성을 매몰시킬 위험이 있다.&lt;br /&gt;2) 해체는 텍스트의 의미와 진리의 효과를 낳지만 동시에 그것을 자기모순과 함께 파묻는 메커니즘을 드러내는 일. 그렇지만 정치적 적대관계가 논리적 모순으로 환원될 수는 없다.&lt;br /&gt;3) 형이상학의 종말은 이데올로기의 종말과 마찬가지로 이데올로기는 아닌가?&lt;br /&gt;4) 철학을 존재가 아닌 존재자, 사회-역사적인 공동체, 현실에 대한 질문과 모색으로 본다면 철학의 종말과 형이상학의 해체는 카스토리아디스의 지적처럼 종말에 대해, 철학이 바람직한 공동체에 대한 질문과 추구라는 점에서 지금도 그것이 여전히 유효한 것이고 우리의 새로운 공동체에 대한 추구가 끊이지 않는 한 철학이란 나무는 시들지 않는다고 볼 수는 없는가?&lt;br /&gt;■ 참고문헌&lt;br /&gt;김형효, 데리다의 해체철학, (민음사, 1996)&lt;br /&gt;김상환, 해체론시대의 철학, (문학과 지성사, 1996)&lt;br /&gt;양운덕 외, 현대철학의 흐름, (동녘, 1996)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116353451958741478?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116353451958741478/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116353451958741478' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116353451958741478'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116353451958741478'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/jacques-derrida-s-deconstruction.html' title='Jacques Derrida&apos; s Deconstruction'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116353348633850053</id><published>2006-11-14T11:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-14T11:44:46.366-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>The panes of glass are warm to the touch, so the heat of our hands leaves little trace of our fingers. Like warm moist air breathed onto a window pane, momentarily erasing the world, the condensation makes the transparent surface visible.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116353348633850053?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116353348633850053/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116353348633850053' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116353348633850053'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116353348633850053'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/panes-of-glass-are-warm-to-touch-so.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116348987160035087</id><published>2006-11-13T23:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-13T23:37:51.616-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Elanine Scarry, The objectification of Prisoner's World Dissoultion</title><content type='html'>the room, the simplest form of shelter, expresses the most benign potential of human life. It is , on the one hand, an enlargement of the body: it keeps warm and safe the individual it houses in the same way the body encloses and protects the individual within; like the body its walls put boundaries around the self preventing undifferentiated contact with the world yet in its windows and doors, crude versions of the senses, it enables the self to move into that world and allows that world to enter.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116348987160035087?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116348987160035087/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116348987160035087' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116348987160035087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116348987160035087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/elanine-scarry-objectification-of.html' title='Elanine Scarry, The objectification of Prisoner&apos;s World Dissoultion'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116286309013336349</id><published>2006-11-06T17:28:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-06T17:31:30.133-08:00</updated><title type='text'>처음도 없고 끝도 없는 존재</title><content type='html'>인간은 정신적으로 성장하면 성장할수록,&lt;br /&gt;그에게 죽음의 공포가 적어진다.&lt;br /&gt;나아가 오로지 정신적인 삶을 산다면&lt;br /&gt;죽음은 전혀 두렵지 않게 된다.&lt;br /&gt;그러한 인간에게 죽음은&lt;br /&gt;육체로부터의 정신의 해방에 불과하다.&lt;br /&gt;그는 자신의 삶의 근거가 결코&lt;br /&gt;소멸하지 않는다는 것을 알고 있다.&lt;br /&gt;우리가 죽은 뒤에 어덯게 될 것인지,&lt;br /&gt;태어나기 전에는 어땠는지 하는 것을 모르는 것은,&lt;br /&gt;그런것은 특별히 알 필요가 없기 때문에 알려져 있지 않는 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;오직 한가지 우리가 알고 있는 것은,&lt;br /&gt;우리의 생명은 육체의 변화 속에 있는 것이 아니라&lt;br /&gt;육체에 깃들어 있는 것 속에 있다는 사실이다.&lt;br /&gt;그런데 그 육체 속에 살고 있는 것은 정신적인 존재이며,&lt;br /&gt;그 정신적 존재에게는 본디 시간이 존재하지 않기 때문에&lt;br /&gt;처음도 없고 끝도 없는 것이다&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-톨스토이-&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116286309013336349?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116286309013336349/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116286309013336349' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116286309013336349'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116286309013336349'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/blog-post_06.html' title='처음도 없고 끝도 없는 존재'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116286287964995258</id><published>2006-11-06T17:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-06T17:27:59.670-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>http://www.kenpojacketforipod.com/mens/demo.swf&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116286287964995258?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116286287964995258/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116286287964995258' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116286287964995258'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116286287964995258'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/httpwww.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116245049575100602</id><published>2006-11-01T22:54:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T22:54:55.753-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/3.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116245049575100602?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116245049575100602/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116245049575100602' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116245049575100602'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116245049575100602'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/blog-post.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116245046663628471</id><published>2006-11-01T22:54:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T22:54:26.656-08:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>A buddy from my old stomping grounds.&lt;br /&gt;죽마고우(竹馬故友). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A friend in need is a friend indeed.&lt;br /&gt;곤궁할 때의 친구가 정말 친구다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All are not friends that speak us fair.&lt;br /&gt;모두가 우리들에게 공정하게 말하는 친구들은 아니다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A man cannot be said to succeed in this life who does not satisfy one friend.&lt;br /&gt;친구 하나도 만족시켜 주지 못하는 사람이 이 세상에서 성공한다는 것은 도저히 있을 수 없는 일이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A man is known by the company he keeps.&lt;br /&gt;사람은 그가 사귀고 있는 친구에 의해 알 수 있다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A man must eat a peck of salt with his friend before he knows him.&lt;br /&gt;사람은 친구와 한 숟갈의 소금을 나누어 먹었을 때 비로소 그 친구를 알 수 있다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Birds of a feather flock together.&lt;br /&gt;같은 깃털의 새들은 함께 모인다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Company in distress makes distress less.&lt;br /&gt;힘들 때의 친구는 고난을 덜어준다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Friends and wines improve with age.&lt;br /&gt;친구와 포도주는 오래될수록 나아진다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Friendship is a single soul dwelling in two bodies.&lt;br /&gt;우정은 돈과 같아서 버는 것보다 간직하는 것이 더 어렵다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Friendship is the marriage of the soul, and this marriage is liable to divorce.&lt;br /&gt;우정은 영혼의 결혼인데, 이 결혼은 이혼하기 쉽다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Friendships ought to be immortal, hostilities moral.&lt;br /&gt;우정은 불멸의 것이어야 하고 적대감은 일시적인 것이어야 한다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Friendship that flames goes out in a flash.&lt;br /&gt;불길처럼 불타오른 우정은 쉽게 꺼져 버리는 법이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He that lives with cripples learns to limp.&lt;br /&gt;절름발이와 사는 사람은 절뚝거림을 배운다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I can not be your friend and your flatterer too.&lt;br /&gt;나는 당신의 친구이고 또한 당신의 아첨꾼일 수는 없다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is as foolish to make experiments upon the constancy of a friend, as upon the chastity of a wife.&lt;br /&gt;친구의 우정을 시험하는 것은 부인의 정절을 시험하는 것과 마찬가지의 어리석음이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is more ignominious to mistrust our friends than to be deceived by them.&lt;br /&gt;친구에게 속는 것보다 그를 못 믿는 것이 더 수치스럽다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is more shameful to mistrust to mistrust one's friends than to be deceived by them.&lt;br /&gt;친구에게 배반당하는 것보다 친구를 불신하는 것이 훨씬 더 부끄러운 일이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let beggars match with beggars.&lt;br /&gt;유유상종(類類相從). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Like draws to/attracts like.&lt;br /&gt;같은 것은 같은 것을 이끈다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Men are known by the company they keep.&lt;br /&gt;친구를 보면 친구를 안다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Man should keep his friendship in constant repair.&lt;br /&gt;사람은 끊임없이 수리하면서 그의 우정을 지켜야 한다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No man can be happy without a friend, nor be sure of his friend till he is unhappy.&lt;br /&gt;친구가 없는 사람은 행복할 수 없다. 또한 자신이 불행한 처지에 빠지기 전까지는 친구의 진가를 확실히 알 수 없는 것이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One friend in a lifetime is much; two are many; three are hardly possible.&lt;br /&gt;사람은 평생에 한 친구면 충분하다. 둘은 많고 셋은 문제가 생긴다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them.&lt;br /&gt;성공은 친구를 만들고, 역경은 친구를 시험한다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Real friendship is shown in times of trouble, / prosperity is full of friends.&lt;br /&gt;진정한 우정은 곤경에 처했을 때 나타난다. 형편이 좋을 때는 별별 친구들이 다 몰려오기 때문이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are three faithful friends-an ld wife, an old dog, and ready money.&lt;br /&gt;충성스런 친구가 셋이 있다. -늙은 아내, 늙은 개, 그리고 현금. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Those that lack friends to open themselves unto are cannibals of their own hearts.&lt;br /&gt;자신의 마음을 드러내 놓을 수 있는 친구가 없는 사람은 자신의 마음을 짓밟아 뭉개는 야수가 된다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To be capable of steady friendship or lasting love, are the two greatest proofs, not only of goodness of heart, but of strength of mind.&lt;br /&gt;단단한 우정, 또는 영속적인 사랑의 관계를 유지하고 있다면, 그것은 마음이 선량할 뿐만 아니라 굳건한 정신력을 가진 그야말로 인간으로서 매우 중요한 두 가지 조건을 겸비하였다는 좋은 증거다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To like and dislike the same things, this is what makes a solid friendship.&lt;br /&gt;같은 것을 같이 좋아하고 같이 싫어하는 것은 우정의 끈을 더욱 단단하게 옭아준다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;True friendship is like sound health, the value of it is seldom known until it be lost.&lt;br /&gt;참된 우정은 건강과 같다. 즉, 그것을 잃기 전까지는 우정의 참된 가치를 절대 깨닫지 못하는 것이다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two peas in the same pod!&lt;br /&gt;꼬투리 속의 두 개의 완두콩. 정말 친한 친구 두 사람을 가르켜 하는말. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wishing to be is quick work, but friendship is a slow ripening fruit.&lt;br /&gt;친구가 되려는 마음을 갖는 것은 간단하지만 우정을 이루기까지는 많은 시간이 걸린다.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116245046663628471?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116245046663628471/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116245046663628471' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116245046663628471'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116245046663628471'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/buddy-from-my-old-stomping-grounds.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116242648798325670</id><published>2006-11-01T16:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T16:14:47.983-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Identity</title><content type='html'>I am I because my little dog knows me.&lt;br /&gt;-Getrude Stein&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116242648798325670?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116242648798325670/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116242648798325670' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116242648798325670'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116242648798325670'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/11/identity.html' title='Identity'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116200175943605051</id><published>2006-10-27T19:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T16:06:52.416-08:00</updated><title type='text'>regarding spirituality</title><content type='html'>The realm of the spiritual is mysterious and inviting. It is a place where we are encouraged to explore the unknown; to search, ponder, and reflect. It is a place where we can gain a greater knowledge of self and sometimes, sometimes, even find illumination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is no definitive map or designated entrance to this state of mind- we are each on our own when it comes to accessing the spiritual. -&gt;unexpected place&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Agnes Martin and Mark Rothko&lt;br /&gt;AM-creating a body of deceptively simple minimalist paintings that speak worlds to those who choose to take an extended look and open themselves up to them.&lt;br /&gt;Her paintings manifest a meditative effort on the part of the artist and invite viewers to respond in kind. With a relative modicum of line and color, and everpresent traces of the hyman hand, Martin's paintings invite quiet contemplation. Rigid through they may seem, their perfection lies in their imperfection; as in nature, ther are no perfectly straight lines in a Martin painting. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The great and fatal pitfall in the art field and  in life is dependence on the intellect rather than inspiration."&lt;br /&gt;She writes of perfection and of ideals; about truth, beauty, and the sublime; and of being open to self-discovery and fully aware of everything around you, both large and samll. &lt;br /&gt;Happiness is the result of being fully open and receptive to what life offers us, or in her own words:"Happiness is being on the beam with life - to feel the pull of life."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR sought the sublime in a form of purity through a fundamental use of color, line, and shape. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;James Turrell, Ann Hamiton, John Feodorv, Shahzia Sikander, and Berly Korot&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JT's particular gift is in allowing us to have a unique and intimate experience with light and to feel its transcendent power.&lt;br /&gt;Hamilton's and Turrell's works take us into the realm of the spiritual by engaging the sensorium, by making us hyperaware of that which is around us.&lt;br /&gt;Art has that rare ability ro make us pause, reflect, and explore our innermost being. It is a key that can unlock countless doors, opening our eyes, our minds, and our hearts. As Thomas Merton, one of the twentieth century's great theologians, has written:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In art we find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;from A Thomas Merton reader (1974)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ernesto Neto&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116200175943605051?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116200175943605051/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116200175943605051' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116200175943605051'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116200175943605051'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/regarding-spirituality.html' title='regarding spirituality'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116199136970228653</id><published>2006-10-27T16:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-27T16:22:49.703-07:00</updated><title type='text'>지젝</title><content type='html'>http://www.calitosway.net/3645&lt;br /&gt;http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:1xh7aoiaXS0J:www.calitosway.net/tag/대상소문자%2520a+슬라보예+지젝&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=us&amp;ct=clnk&amp;cd=23&amp;client=safari&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(1) 주체란 무엇이며 왜 중요한가?&lt;br /&gt;지젝에게 코기토는 자연의 모든 것들이 부정된 이후의 텅 빈 장소, 즉 공백이다. 주체는 자연에서 문화로 이행할 때 "사라지는 매개자"로 기능하는 것이다. 우리는 실재로부터 상징계로 진입하면서 주체를 잃게 된다. 이런 맥락에서 주체는 언제나 그 상실을 회복하고자 하지만, 오히려 주체성을 유지하기 위해 자신의 토대를 외재화시킨채로 둘 수밖에 없다(ex-timacy). 이렇게 상징계에 종속되는 과정이 곧 주체화과정이다. 그러나 여기에 저항할 수는 없는가? 지젝에 따르면 사람들은 상징계의 요소들을 나름의 방식으로 엮어내는 서사적 능력을 갖고 있어서, 주체는 변하지 않는 공백으로 남지만 "자기(self)"는 반복하여 갱신된다고 한다. 그런데 이미 우리의 "자리"가 정해져 있는 것이라면 이것이 저항적 대안이 될 수 있는가? 주체에 대한 강력한 이론화와는 달리, 대안에 대한 지젝의 이론화는 늘 빈약한 느낌을 준다. 기껏해야 "의미화실천"과 다른 점이 무엇인지 의심스럽다. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(2) 포스트모던의 끔찍한 탈근대성&lt;br /&gt;국내에 "성찰적 근대화론자"로 알려진 기든스, 벡, 래쉬/어리 등은 후기 근대를 "위험사회"로 명명하면서도 동시에 자아의 성찰성/재귀성(reflexivity)이 갖고 있는 긍정적 가능성에 주목하였다. 물론 그것이 "폭주하는 자동차"와 같은 불안한 것임을 경고하였지만, 환경과 끊임없이 상호작용하는 재귀적 자아가 갖고 있는 잠재력은 생산적 희망을 보여주는 것이었다. 그런데 지젝은 재귀성의 의미를 완전히 뒤집어버린다. 대타자의 권위가 사라져버린 상황에서 사람들은 재귀적으로 "사적인 법(지배종속관계, 새도매저키즘)"에 얽매이게 된다는 것이다. 귀환한 초자아는 쾌락을 명령하고 사람들은 오히려 스스로를 규제하게 된다. 이와 같은 지젝의 논증은 실제 사례에 적용하기도 어렵지 않고, 경우에 따라서는 매우 설득력이 있다. 그러나 그간의 성찰적 근대화론을 자신있게 끌어와 반박할 정도로 이론적으로 엄밀한 것은 아니다. 하나의 반례 정도로 생각하면 충분할지도 모른다. 어쨌든 다른 방식으로 통제를 원하는 "경향"이 있고 그것이 현대 사회의 "징후"라는 것은 전적으로 납득가능하다. 이와 같은 현대인의 딜레마를 해소하기 위한 대안으로서 지젝은 놀랍게도 아예 이런 조건 자체를 없애는 것을 제시한다. 상징적 질서를 거부하고 혁명을 일으키자는 것이다. 그런데 어떤 방향으로?! 내게는 이것이 히스테리컬한 비약으로만 느껴질 뿐이다. 후기 근대적 자아가 갖고 있는 재귀성을 무력화시킨 이후에도 사회혁명이 가능한가?! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(3) 이데올로기에서 현실을 구분해내는 법&lt;br /&gt;내게 가장 익숙한 논의이자, 내가 가장 좋아하는 지젝의 주장들 중 하나를 다룬 챕터이다. 슬로터다익이 제안한 공식, "그들은 자기가 하고 있는 것을 잘 알지만, 여전히 그렇게 행동한다"는 명제는 냉소적 주체의 등장을 알린다. 지젝은 그의 논의를 받아들인다. 즉 이데올로기는 앎의 문제가 아니라 행함의 문제이다. 따라서 이데올로기 국가장치는 오히려 이데올로기 기계로서, 의식보다 행위로 먼저 이루어지는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 알면서도 그대로 행동하는 인형같은 존재가 되지 않기 위해서는 사실 냉소하지 않으려는 결단이 필요한 것이 아닐까? 지젝은 오늘날에도 이데올로기 비판을 가능하게 하기 위한 토대로서 냉소적 주체론을 활용했을지 모르지만, 사실 정치적으로 무감각한 사람들을 마주하고 있는 나로서는 냉소적 주체를 극복하는 것은 매우 절실한 문제다. 냉소적 주체가 확신하고 있는 것과 달리, "세계는 이항대립이 아니라 삼원체계이고 여기서 이데올로기는 상징계와 실재 사이의 유령같은 보충물과 같은 것으로 기능한다"는 것을, 그들이 간파하게 되면 상황이 달라질까?! 결국 지젝은 실재를 직시하고 구분해내라는 말을 하고 싶어하는 것이라는 점을 잘 안다. 그러나 실재에 접근하기 위한 보다 즉물적인 방법으로 우리는 "냉소적 주체"를 대체할 새로운 주체의 모습을 창안할 수 있지 않을까. 이를테면 "이입"이라든가. 예전에 수업에서 이런 이야기를 했던 것 같다. (어쨌든 삼원체계 모델은 많은 통찰을 주는 것이어서 여러가지 복잡한 생각을 하게 만든다. 최근 나는 "몸"을 이론화하는 방식을 고민하고 있다.) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(4) 같은 행성에서 온 남성과 여성, 그 사랑의 이데올로기&lt;br /&gt;"성 관계는 없다", "여자는 남자의 증상이다"와 같은 센세이셔널한 명제를 담고 있음에도 불구하고, 내게는 지젝의 사상들 중에서 가장 불만족스러운 부분이다. 지젝 특유의 독창성이나 흥미로움이 다소 반감되는 지점이기도 하다. 페미니스트들에게는 특히 비판적으로 접근되었던 논의인데, 사실 페미니스트들에 의해 정신분석학이 효과적으로 반박되었던 적은 거의 없으며 이 책에 소개된 주디스 버틀러의 반론도 다소 부적절하게 느껴진다. 정신분석학에 대한 메타비판보다는 차라리 (지젝처럼) "창조적 오독"을 통해 그것을 페미니즘에 생산적인 방식으로 전유하는 것이 더 낫다. 사실 성적 차이는 실재적인 것이어서 상징화가 불가능하며, 결국 이 둘의 관계는 실패한다는 지젝(그리고 라캉)의 논의를 거부하기는 어렵다. 15년쯤 전에 필리프 쥘리앵은 사랑은 "두 개의 오해가 서로 겹치는 것", 즉 실패한 행위라고 썼다. 이 때 쥘리앵은 실패는 곧 성공이라는 윤리학적 입장을 취하는 반면, 지젝은 사랑은 성 관계의 불가능성을 은폐하는 이데올로기라는 입장을 취하는 듯 싶다. 내게는 두 가지 입장이 모두 불충분하게 느껴지고, 라캉에 기반하면서도 좀더 정교한 제3의 태도가 가능하다고 보고 있는데 아직 답을 내린 것은 아니다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(5) 인종주의는 왜 항상 환상인가?&lt;br /&gt;이 챕터는 지금까지 살펴본 지젝의 이론으로 인종주의를 분석하고 있으며, (1) (2) (3)과 밀접하게 얽혀있는 부분이다. 인종주의는 진정 환상이다. 인종적 타자는 우리의 향락을 훔치려고 하거나, 아니면 우리와 다른 방식으로 향락을 즐기고 있기 때문이다. 그래서 세상에 대한 상식이 증가하고, 다문화주의가 힘을 얻고, 인권과 평등에 대한 도덕적 가치가 확산되더라도 인종주의는 여전히 존재한다. 뿐만 아니라 현대인들은 자신의 인종차별적 행위를 다양한 지식을 동원하여 정당화하기까지 한다. 이와 같은 태도는 논리적 설득으로 타파할 수 있는 것이 아니다. 이처럼 완벽하게 자기충족적인 설명 속에서 우리는 무슨 대안을 찾을 수 있는가?! 지젝은 고육책으로 세 가지 방안을 제시하는데 솔직히 이것은 대안이라기보다는 우리에게 남겨진 과제로 다가온다. 첫째, 환상의 윤리학. 둘째, 시민사회보다는 정부를 지지할 것. 셋째, 환상을 가로지르기. 첫번째는 너무 절충주의적이고 봉합적인 것이 분명하다. 뿐만 아니라 그것이 세번째 방법과 양립할 수 있는지조차 모르겠다. 두번째 주장은 민족주의라는 아킬레스건을 갖고 있는 사회에서 나올 수밖에 없는 대안이라는 점을 충분히 이해하지만, 선택할 수 있는 사안들은 한정되어 있다. 인종주의는 디아스포라 시대에 더더욱 면밀하게 다루어져야 할 것으로, 이보다는 훨씬 더 실천적이고 구체적인 일상의 대안들이 필요하다고 본다.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116199136970228653?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116199136970228653/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116199136970228653' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116199136970228653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116199136970228653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/blog-post.html' title='지젝'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116199095099512899</id><published>2006-10-27T15:57:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-27T19:12:17.040-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Ann Hamilton has a background in textiles and weaving. She describes the drawn linde and the thread, weaving, the computational structure of video, and non-narrative works. Writing about her video work from the 1970s-I becoame interested in  the handloom as the first computer on earth, as the original grid and as a key to visual structuring....To realize that the structure of woven cloth provided a firm basis for the ordering of video information and time in the creation of precedent at a time when the limitlessness and newness of this medium were being extolled. In an age of such tremendous multiplicity of viewpoints, traditions, and beliefs as our own, it was a physical way for me as an artist, in an effort to heal my own inner striving for peace, to stretch my arms across millemmia to join the ancient and the new in one long embrace."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I don't know that I can articulate that realtionship between the thread and the written line and the drawn line, but for me...it's about the origin of things, about a really fundamental act of making."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;time-consuming collaborative work-labor intensive acts of art-making, honored Midwestern work ethic-that labor is its own redemption&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;making of  art is a social act, and that "how one chooses to be social is an ethical act"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richard Serra-"I think that what artists do is they invent strategies that allow themselves to see in a way that they haven't seen before-to extend their vision."&lt;br /&gt;Process art which emphasized the process of creation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Laurie Anderson- future-inspired sense of time and spaces as infinite and elastic, and of the world as on eminor portion of a never-ending universe. &lt;br /&gt;space-region of the mind&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Place is latitudinal and lognitudinal within the map of a person's life. It is temporal and spatial, personal and political. A layered location replete with human histories and memories, place has width as well as depth. It is about connections, what surrounds it, what formed it, what happened there, what will happen there.- Lucy Lippard, The lecture of the local(1997)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116199095099512899?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116199095099512899/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116199095099512899' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116199095099512899'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116199095099512899'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/ann-hamilton-has-background-in.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116184565951431423</id><published>2006-10-25T23:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-27T15:57:09.733-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>inner self- the sense of losing and finding oneself at the same time&lt;br /&gt;the lasting impact of one's own immediate experience.&lt;br /&gt;discovering highly personal connections with objects.&lt;br /&gt;gasps of aesthetic response&lt;br /&gt;works that have taken my breath away, brought my hand to my heart, summoned forth and aaahhhh from deep within.&lt;br /&gt;Joy of discovering for yourself what a work of art might mean to you and to you alone?&lt;br /&gt;Childeren haven't lost that ability, but we as adults have apparently abandoned that experiential and personal way of looking at art.&lt;br /&gt;Today our interaction with the visual arts seems to be driven primarily by our culture's obsession with "meaning".&lt;br /&gt;Throw into the equation our increasingly fast-paced life, and you might find yourself wondering why anyone would take the time to look at comtemprorary art anymore.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;when we experience a great deal of ugliness or beauty, a great deal of fear or love, a great deal of loneliness or intimacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Beaury, of all things, would appear to have been the icebreaker. Approached berudgingly at first and with great suspicion, beauty is now readily accepted as  a serious topic for discussion.&lt;br /&gt;Agnes Martin-Our emotional life is really dominant obver our intellectual life, but we do not realize it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trascendence.&lt;br /&gt;The verb "to transcend" means to rise above or to go beyond the limits of.&lt;br /&gt;The adjective "transcendent" means extending beyond usual limits-surpassing, exceeding.&lt;br /&gt;The noun "transcendece" is defined as the quality or state of being transcendent, of having gone beyond the limits of ordinary expereince.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The German painter Caspar David Friedrich(1774-1840) , a pioneer in the Romantic movement, showed us with his meditative landscapes how "all earthly parts, whether humble or exalted, lead to the unknown."&lt;br /&gt;_&gt; Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, and Ad Reinhardt&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since Frost has long contended that "Poetry is simply made of metaphor" ("saying one thing and meaning another, saying one thing in terms of another, the pleasure of ulteriority"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;the self surrendered to the sublimity of the non-self&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;we hear and listen to silence. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;we revel in stillness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;irreducible, non-discursive experience&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scans have pinpointed which areas of our brain go into high gear and which become dormant when we hava such an experiece, and studies how how we can "instruct" our brain to allow for htis differenct awareness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It could be the smile, damp eyes, and speechlessness of a visitor who approaches you and squeezes your arm after a profound encountering.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;intensity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is not the view from back at command central, or from an ivory tower, but from donw where objects and people meet face to face.-humanity&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;elements including nature, time, perception, allegory, the sensorium, essence, color and memory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Early in the 19th century, "The Romantics believed that the simplest forms of Nature could speak directly to us, could express  sentiments and ideas without the intervention of culture; they dreamed of creating through landscape an art both personal and objective, an immediate, nonconventional, universally intelliglble experssion, a language that would not be discursive but evocative."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Psychologist Kames Hillman, "Beauty cannot enter art unless the mind in the work is anchored beyond itself so that in some way the finished work reflects the sacred and the doing of the work, ritual."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;technosublime&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ray's reductivist Roating circle(1988) looks at first glance as if the artist simply drew a circle on the wall, a Minimalist gesture indeed. But if you move in for a closer look, you are rewarded with the discovery that it isn't a drawn circle at all, but a disk, seemingly cut right out of the wall, that is spinning around. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Altman's snowhead, which taps into everyone's childhood memories, whether real or culturlly imprinted. Through the window of a freezer, we peer in and see a snowman with coal eyes, a jaunty carrot nose, and a wide grin. Preserved only fro th emoment, destned ultimately to melt, Altman's snowman reminds us of  how we hold on to and often treasure such fleeting memories.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;poetisphere&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Marcel Proust, "involuntary memory"&lt;br /&gt;-At age twenty-two, he was already tormented by the thought of temps perdu. His early writings resonate with the idea of time as a haunting nightmare. He was introduced to Henri Bergson's view that there are two different ways of considering time: there is time that vanishes into nothingness and time that endures. "Enduring-time" (temps-duree) is psychological time. It is the nonmeasurable, qualitative experience in which the present continuously augments the past without obliterating it."&lt;br /&gt;Proust began to see "inner time," a reality filled with our feelings and emotions, as very different from "chronometric time." "The past," he wrote, "still lives in us . . . has made us what we are and is remaking us every moment! . . . An hour is not merely an hour!" (the Proustian image). "It is a vase filled with perfumes, sounds, places and climates! . . . So we hold within us a treasure of impressions, clustered in small knots, each with a flavor of its own, formed from our own experiences, that become certain moments of our past.&lt;br /&gt;Yet, Proust realized, we cannot reach this treasure, which is buried in our subconscious mind. "Time past" is lost to us, but the sensations experienced are not: here is an inexhaustible mine for art.&lt;br /&gt;When we give our memory an order  to bring back a fragment of our past (our "voluntary memory"), it can only suggest the factual data or the skeleton; but the original flavor of the scene will be left behind. This flavor is the "priceless everything" to an artist, making a moment in time unique.&lt;br /&gt;Unusual experiences led Proust to "the truth of involuntary memory," the basis for his life's work. The famous incident of the petit madeleine revealed to him a past lying dormant within him, ready to be called back to consciousness. He was able to retrieve "a feeling of inexplicable happiness" when his mother offered him the little plump cake. He was illuminated by a childhood memory (of Combray), where his Aunt Leone on Sunday mornings used to give him a madeleine, dipping it first in her own cup of tea. It "all sprang into being, town and garden alike, from my cup of tea!"&lt;br /&gt;How to explain when, from the past, "nothing seems to subsist, the smell, sound, and taste of things remained. And it is these sensory experiences that bear unfaltering the vast structure of recollection!"&lt;br /&gt;Proust thus uncovered a form of memory, beyond the control of our consciousness. Recollection is suggested by some unexpected physical sensation (perhaps unimportant in itself) such as a faint scent, taste, or sound. But that sensation has in the past been associated with a number of definite impressions, and when by chance the identical sensation recurs years afterwards, all the impressions (associated with it) also rush back, en masse. "It is a complete fragment of the past, with its original 'perfume,' that is for a moment given back to us." Resurrection of the past as the aftermath of an accidental, involuntary physical sensation is the keystone of Proust's conception of life and art. It combines past and present.&lt;br /&gt;Proust's artistic engagement with memory intersects in many ways with what science has learned about the mechanics of memory. The physiology of Proust's petit madeleine experience is well understood. The olfactory system, for instance, has a direct, evolutionarily primitive connection to the hypothalamus not shared by other sensory systems, which gives odors a special power to trigger memories in some detail. His work also anticipates modern psychological findings on the degree to which memory is reconstructive, "fleshing out" the details of a remembered scene anew each time it is recalled, the memory itself being merely an "outline. &lt;br /&gt;(http://72.14.209.104/search?q=cache:b4JObRbq-PYJ:www.secularhumanism.org/library/fi/lowen_22_4.htm+Marcel+Proust,+%22involuntary+memory%22&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=us&amp;ct=clnk&amp;cd=5&amp;client=safari)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We cam experience knowing without naming and being to understand what philosopher George Santayana(1863-1952) meant "To feel beauty is a better thing than to understand how we come to feel it."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Piet Mondrian "a nostalgia for the universal"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The universal in art requires active participation.&lt;br /&gt;It requires breaking away from passive scceptance of institutional or academic doctrine, and becoming personally involved with a work of art.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Poet Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882) called upon individuals to join in just such a journey of discovery: "The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face; we through their eyes. Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe? Why should not we have a poetry and a philosophy of insight and not of tradition, and a religion by revelation to us, and not the history of theirs?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;own original relation to the universe&lt;br /&gt;to know the self both lost and found,   &lt;br /&gt;to feel the astonishment of being&lt;br /&gt;the raw actuality of existence&lt;br /&gt;the immediacy of life&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116184565951431423?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116184565951431423/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116184565951431423' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116184565951431423'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116184565951431423'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/inner-self-sense-of-losing-and-finding.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116184413579976342</id><published>2006-10-25T23:25:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-25T23:28:55.820-07:00</updated><title type='text'>I wandered lonely as a cloud-William Wordsworth</title><content type='html'>I WANDERED lonely as a cloud&lt;br /&gt;          That floats on high o'er vales and hills,&lt;br /&gt;          When all at once I saw a crowd,&lt;br /&gt;          A host, of golden daffodils;&lt;br /&gt;          Beside the lake, beneath the trees,&lt;br /&gt;          Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          Continuous as the stars that shine&lt;br /&gt;          And twinkle on the milky way,&lt;br /&gt;          They stretched in never-ending line&lt;br /&gt;          Along the margin of a bay:                                  10&lt;br /&gt;          Ten thousand saw I at a glance,&lt;br /&gt;          Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          The waves beside them danced; but they&lt;br /&gt;          Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:&lt;br /&gt;          A poet could not but be gay,&lt;br /&gt;          In such a jocund company:&lt;br /&gt;          I gazed--and gazed--but little thought&lt;br /&gt;          What wealth the show to me had brought:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;          For oft, when on my couch I lie&lt;br /&gt;          In vacant or in pensive mood,                               20&lt;br /&gt;          They flash upon that inward eye&lt;br /&gt;          Which is the bliss of solitude;&lt;br /&gt;          And then my heart with pleasure fills,&lt;br /&gt;          And dances with the daffodils.&lt;br /&gt;                                                              1804.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116184413579976342?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116184413579976342/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116184413579976342' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116184413579976342'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116184413579976342'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/i-wandered-lonely-as-cloud-william.html' title='I wandered lonely as a cloud-William Wordsworth'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116184021420618185</id><published>2006-10-25T22:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-25T22:23:34.206-07:00</updated><title type='text'>This is a photograph of Me-Margaret Atwood</title><content type='html'>It was taken some time ago&lt;br /&gt;At first it seems to be&lt;br /&gt;a smeared&lt;br /&gt;print: blurred lines and grey flecks&lt;br /&gt;blended with the paper;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;then, as you scan&lt;br /&gt;it, you can see something in the left-hand corner&lt;br /&gt;a thing that is like a branch: part of a tree&lt;br /&gt;(balsam or spruce) emerging&lt;br /&gt;and, to the right, halfway up&lt;br /&gt;what ought to be a gentle&lt;br /&gt;slope, a small fram house.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the background there is a lake,&lt;br /&gt;and beyond that, some low hills.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(The photography was taken&lt;br /&gt;the day after I drowned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am in the lake, in the center&lt;br /&gt;of the picture, just under the surface.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is difficult to say where&lt;br /&gt;precisely, or to say&lt;br /&gt;how large or how small I am:&lt;br /&gt;the effect of water&lt;br /&gt;on light is a distortion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;but if you look long enough&lt;br /&gt;eventually&lt;br /&gt;you will see me.)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116184021420618185?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116184021420618185/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116184021420618185' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116184021420618185'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116184021420618185'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/this-is-photograph-of-me-margaret.html' title='This is a photograph of Me-Margaret Atwood'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116183984903930996</id><published>2006-10-25T22:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-26T07:00:31.743-07:00</updated><title type='text'>The art of Richar Tuttle</title><content type='html'>The idea of an art providing a direct experience of reality, as opposed to a secondary, representational one, is one of modernism's most powerful enduring aspirations. Postmodern criticality has held this old-fashioned and indeed impossible ideal under suspicion, particularly since the 1970's and 1980's. What gives Tuttle's efforts in this arena their sense of legitimacy is the fact that his approach keeps well in check the regressive bluster and forceful assertions of absolute certainties that have traditionally accompanied such undertakings. In his quest to figure out "how to maintain the achievements of modernism, particularly in a world dead to them", Tuttle recovers modernism's best qualities in a subversive, deliberately non-general, and imperfect sublime. Not for Tuttle the creation of a single, unadulterated, and absolute "truth"; instead each piece constitutes a palpable, believable, seemingly inevitable "little truth", a graceful and fearless aesthetic presence in front of which one envounters not a depicted image but the thing itself. The artist is "after essences', certainly; "not streamlined Platonic ones", however, "but informal, folded, asymmetrical, lumpy, hairy little entelechies." This universe of small truths addresses the viewer on the spot in a continually constructed present that helps us to feel what it si to be."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116183984903930996?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116183984903930996/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116183984903930996' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183984903930996'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183984903930996'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/art-of-richar-tuttle.html' title='The art of Richar Tuttle'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116183928077373757</id><published>2006-10-25T22:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-25T22:08:00.773-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Susan Sontag</title><content type='html'>To name a sensibility, to draw its contours and to recount its history, requires a deep sympathy modified by revulsion.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116183928077373757?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116183928077373757/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116183928077373757' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183928077373757'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183928077373757'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/susan-sontag.html' title='Susan Sontag'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116183914779633485</id><published>2006-10-25T21:58:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-25T22:05:47.816-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Barthes, Roland. A lover's discourse: fragment.</title><content type='html'>One day, I shall recall the scene, I shall lose myself in the past. The amorous scene, like the first ravishment, consists only of after-the fact manipulations: this is annmnesis, which recovers only insignificant features in no way dramatic, as if I remembered time itself and only time: it is a fragrance without support, a texture without memory; something like a pure expenditure, such as only the Japanese haiku has been able to articulate, without recuperating it in any destiny.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The imperfect is the tense of fascination: it semms to be alive and yet it doesn't move: imperfect presence, imperfect death; neither oblivion nor resurrection; simply the exhausting lure of memory. From the start, greedy to play a role, scenes take their position in memory: often I feel this, I forsee this, at the very moment when these scenes are forming. This theater of time is the very contrary of the search of lost time; for I remember pathetically, punctually, and not philosophically, discursively: I remember in order to be unhappy/happy- not in order to understand.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116183914779633485?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116183914779633485/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116183914779633485' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183914779633485'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183914779633485'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/barthes-roland-lovers-discourse.html' title='Barthes, Roland. A lover&apos;s discourse: fragment.'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116183871458988500</id><published>2006-10-25T21:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-25T21:58:34.590-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sandra Cisneros, The house on mango street</title><content type='html'>Everything is holding its breath inside me. Everything is waiting to explode like Christmas. I want to be all new and shiny. I want to sit out bad at night, a boy around my neck and the wind under my skirt. Not this way, every evening talking to the trees, leaning out my window, imaging what I can't see&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116183871458988500?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116183871458988500/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116183871458988500' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183871458988500'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183871458988500'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/sandra-cisneros-house-on-mango-street.html' title='Sandra Cisneros, The house on mango street'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116183857072463691</id><published>2006-10-25T21:53:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-25T21:56:10.753-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Jessica Stockholder</title><content type='html'>My impulse to make a work begins with my feeling that emotional life isn't allowed room in the world. This feeling is personal to me and my history, but I think it is also a modern issue in that a lot of people share those worries and feelings. So my work becomes a place to make fantasy and emotional life as concrete and real and importanr as a refrigerator, or the room that you are in.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116183857072463691?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116183857072463691/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116183857072463691' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183857072463691'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116183857072463691'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/jessica-stockholder.html' title='Jessica Stockholder'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116147303362325863</id><published>2006-10-21T16:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-21T16:23:53.623-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>position of viewer= one of empathy toward my process&lt;br /&gt;subjective relationship&lt;br /&gt;labor as a kind of meditation&lt;br /&gt;obsessive - compulsive behavior&lt;br /&gt;but it is not&lt;br /&gt;labor as a prayer&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116147303362325863?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116147303362325863/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116147303362325863' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116147303362325863'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116147303362325863'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/position-of-viewer-one-of-empathy.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116147242594381021</id><published>2006-10-21T16:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-21T16:13:45.960-07:00</updated><title type='text'>anish kapoor</title><content type='html'>I began to see that my abiding concern with  the sublime, with the idea of a poetic halt, a moment of stillness, a moment of silence, was there in this moment of darkness. &lt;br /&gt;The sublime, while it is a notion about a moment of reverie, is also a notion about danger. It isn't all beautiful. shorten distance between artwork and audience, to make it possible to feel the whole of the reverie, to make the reverie as palpable as possible.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116147242594381021?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116147242594381021/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116147242594381021' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116147242594381021'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116147242594381021'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/anish-kapoor.html' title='anish kapoor'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116034603714292279</id><published>2006-10-08T15:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-08T15:20:37.143-07:00</updated><title type='text'>The Matrix Map</title><content type='html'>Mapping is a sparial process; a process of spatial transcription.&lt;br /&gt;Mulitples exist in one space.&lt;br /&gt;Multiple viewpoints add dimension.&lt;br /&gt;One point on a map does not mean anything unless it is seen it relation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A map can be viewed in its entirety as well as for details.&lt;br /&gt;Maps are enterable from any side.&lt;br /&gt;Changes cause people to alter their maps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You make the map and the map makes you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Creating a matrix map is the first step in giving tangible representation to our vision field.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116034603714292279?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116034603714292279/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116034603714292279' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116034603714292279'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116034603714292279'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/matrix-map.html' title='The Matrix Map'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116034577967013692</id><published>2006-10-08T15:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-08T15:16:19.670-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Goulish, Matthew, 39 Michrolectures in proximity of performance, Routledge: London. 2000, 46</title><content type='html'>How do we understand something?&lt;br /&gt;We understand something by approaching it.&lt;br /&gt;How do we approach something?&lt;br /&gt;We approach it from any direction.&lt;br /&gt;We approach it using our eyes, &lt;br /&gt;                                  our ears,&lt;br /&gt;                                  our noses,&lt;br /&gt;                                  our intellects,&lt;br /&gt;                                  our imagination.&lt;br /&gt;We approach it with silence.&lt;br /&gt;We approach it with childhood.&lt;br /&gt;We use pain.&lt;br /&gt;We use history.&lt;br /&gt;We take a safe route&lt;br /&gt;                                or a dangerous one.&lt;br /&gt;We discover our approach and we follow it.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116034577967013692?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116034577967013692/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116034577967013692' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116034577967013692'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116034577967013692'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/goulish-matthew-39-michrolectures-in.html' title='Goulish, Matthew, 39 Michrolectures in proximity of performance, Routledge: London. 2000, 46'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-116010975990678803</id><published>2006-10-05T17:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-08T15:12:59.110-07:00</updated><title type='text'>agnes martin</title><content type='html'>in my best mometns I think "Life has passed me by" and I am content.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-116010975990678803?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/116010975990678803/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=116010975990678803' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116010975990678803'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/116010975990678803'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/agnes-martin.html' title='agnes martin'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115989362169028259</id><published>2006-10-03T09:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-03T09:40:21.716-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/6bc4d12e.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/6bc4d12e.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JANINE ANTONI Sigh, 2003 50 X 90 X 20 inches Curtain, wind, fabric stiffener Courtesy of Luhring Augustine Gallery&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115989362169028259?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115989362169028259/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115989362169028259' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989362169028259'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989362169028259'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/janine-antoni-sigh-2003-50-x-90-x-20.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115989028301905986</id><published>2006-10-03T08:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-03T08:57:02.570-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>http://www.grandarts.com/exhibits/RPaine.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://glasstire.com/ReviewsDetail.asp?id=120&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115989028301905986?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115989028301905986/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115989028301905986' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989028301905986'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989028301905986'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/httpwww.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115989021948667057</id><published>2006-10-03T08:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-03T08:43:39.486-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Roxy Paine/ Second Nature&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LESSON PLAN:&lt;br /&gt;Using systems to create art&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;OBJECTIVES&lt;br /&gt;1. To create a system/machine to assist in making art&lt;br /&gt;2. To learn about how chance affects artistic makingMATERIALS&lt;br /&gt;Lazy Susan (can substitute a pottery wheel or any spinning disc), heavy white paper, several colors of India ink, small squeeze bottle (could substitute eye dropped or turkey baster) cardboard, mat knife, marker, and newspaper. (Optional: four 6” dowels per student and hot glue)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BACKGROUND DISCUSSION &lt;br /&gt;Roxy Paine is a sculptor who often builds and programs machines that make art for him. These machines vary: one makes sculptures, another makes paintings, a third makes drawings.&lt;br /&gt;While each object made by the machine is unique and slightly different, Roxy maintains some control over the outcome. He programs information into a computer that determines how much the conveyer belt should shake, how long paint should spray, what color ink to you use, etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ACTIVITY &lt;br /&gt;1) Prepare the Lazy Susan by taping or tacking a piece of heavy white paper to it. Cut the paper so that it fits on the Lazy Susan (Note: If you wish, students could build there own spinning wheel by drilling a hole through s piece of would and have a dowel or peg run through it like a turn table.) Lay newspaper beneath the Lazy Susan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2) Creation of a template table: Students cut the cardboard to be slightly larger than the Lazy Susan with an interior border that is slightly smaller than the paper. Then, they will draw a simple linear design on the cardboard with marker. The line should have a beginning and ending point, and it should not overlap itself. The students will then cut away the marked line using a mat knife. The space must be wide enough for the squirt bottle tip/eye dropper. (Options: Students may hot glue the 4 dowels to the corners of the cardboard so that it becomes a table that can be placed over the Lazy Susan, or a third student may hold the template in place.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3) Decision Making: Before the art making stage, which will consist of one person spinning the Lazy Susan, and another dropping ink in a consistent manner through the template, many decisions should be “programmed.’ Here are some suggestions:&lt;br /&gt;How fast should the wheel be spun?&lt;br /&gt;What color ink should be used?&lt;br /&gt;How concentrated/diluted should the ink be?&lt;br /&gt;How fast should the eye dropper be moved through the template?&lt;br /&gt;How much time should be allowed for the ink to dry between layers?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4) Art making: Following the programmed decisions, work in groups of two. Have one student spin the wheel, and the other move the specified ink in the eye dropper through the template. Are a specified amount of drying time, repeat the process with a new ink color/dilution or new wheel speed through the template. The final product should have 3-5 layers minimum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5) Series:(Optional) Repeat the activity. However, this time use a different “program”. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CLOSURE&lt;br /&gt;Place the drawings on the wall with their instructions next to it. How do the works look similar? How do they look different? How does wheel speed affect the outcome? How do the different template shapes affect the image?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115989021948667057?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115989021948667057/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115989021948667057' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989021948667057'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989021948667057'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/roxy-paine-second-nature-lesson-plan.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115989019212840012</id><published>2006-10-03T08:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-03T08:43:12.146-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/paine1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/paine1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In April, Ronald Feldman Fine Arts had its second exhibition of sculptures by Roxy Paine, a young artist whose work is some of the most exciting around. It speaks to the artist's role as maker, and to the sort of making, in variety and difference, that is his provenance. Paine's work connects artmaking to the theoretical and logistical methods employed passively by the artist in creating an active art object. Paine insists that his work is about nature and its potential. This recalls Harold Rosenberg's essay "The Anxious Object," which describes how any artwork which is opaque can work off of the viewer's anxiety to suggest ideas. In Paine's case, that idea is a sense of the mode of communication being formed. This language is invented in three ways: by an attempt at the organic simulacra; an organizing of abstract aggregates; and by a mechanically repetitive action.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first thread of Paine's work is represented by mushroom field (1997) and poison ivy (1997). These works study the superficial and structural edifice of natural organisms. In both mushroom field and poison ivy, he assimilates the multiplicity and organic density of living matter. Both are just what they describe, images composed to as to immediately mirror the surface design of nature's own idea. mushroom field is set upon the floor, two thousand individual models for real-life psilocybin mushrooms, each drawn out and designed with variations of color and growth patterns, as well as the wavelike pattern of the field as a whole, covering an area some ten or twenty feet in diameter. The effect is quite unsettling, of encountering these realistic lifeforms sprouting from the dead wood floor of the gallery space. It is almost hopeful in such a stance. It suggests that the gallery takes part in the in the growth of the artist, or the art in general. In poison ivy, the attention for detail is the same, but the approach is different. Instead of building a natural manifestation into the gallery area, he has collected living poison ivy plants and planted them inside a glass-enclosed patch of ground, along with versions of the self-same plants which he has fabricated.The effect is one of puzzlement, even of wonder, but a certain degree of encounter has been eliminated in placing these specimens under glass. They can no longer exert an effect upon us via their touch or proximity to us, or through our anxiety related to this particular plant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;model painting (1996) and model for an abstract sculpture (1997): both represent a system of communication developed solely by Paine, edited and constructed like hieroglyphs. In the first, he has been able to isolate solidified flesh-colored polymer brush strokes; in the second, he has accumulated various blister packs. Blister packs are part of the refuse of daily life, something which Paine has been able to utilize with regard to ideas of both positive and negative space inherent in their forms. In other words, it's initially difficult to view them as forms created to wrap around other forms. But within their model skeleton they approach a sense of anatomy, of social and political connections between shapes. Each pack then becomes a house in a town, a cell in a body, or a symbol in a system of scientific order. However, the objects accumulated with these works are neither mere simulacra nor Dadaesque mind-games made flesh. The shapes of the objects, if they can be called that, whether blister pack or polymer brush-stroke, suggest only the vaguest of forms, creating an inventive and playful acrostic of formal origin. Their organization is the creation of the new language being formed in us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The third and final thread of Paine's work is represented by paint dipper (1997), a machine constructed to create paintings by a slow and methodical process. The canvasses hang above a vat of thick white house paint, which is timed to open and dip them down to a certain measured point every few hours over the duration of twenty-four hours. It moves so slowly that rarely does the spectator actually see a painting being dipped, but as it hangs there, dripping paint off onto the machine and the floor around it--completing the process for which it was built--it is fusing ideas of natural formation with inorganic production, and this points out the limitation of the machine. By the manner of its manic and regular action, a process of ambiguous signification surfaces, one which can also be seen in any of the other works here, a negation of individual creation that when taken to an extreme creates a force of juggernaut proportions. This is the activity into which each of us falls when we try to compensate for the stultifying complexity of creative demands. Thus, paint dipper shows itself as eerie proof of our inability to contain or answer the complex demands of everyday life. All that the artist retains is his individual and idiosyncratic vitality. Paine's work is never dependent upon the forms invented in nature, but in forces directly supervised, and to some degree invented, by the artist. His control of them is both his freedom and ours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;David Gibson&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New York, New York&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115989019212840012?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115989019212840012/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115989019212840012' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989019212840012'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989019212840012'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/in-april-ronald-feldman-fine-arts-had.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115989001280651165</id><published>2006-10-03T08:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-10-03T08:40:12.833-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Roxy paine</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/paine2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/paine2.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paint Dipper is a computerized, ten-foot-tall machine which repetitively and obsessively creates paintings formed by what is programmed into the computer, modified by the random results of the dipping process. A truly industrious artist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;paint dipper is an imposing mechanical device which routinely and unceremoniously submerges fresh stretched canvases into a narrow steel tank of thick white paint. Operated by an absurdly small Macintosh Powerbook protected from paint splatters by a tiny sheet of Plexiglas, the electronic dipping vehicle automatically dunks and then redunks each canvas at two and a half hour intervals. Until completion the canvas hovers over the contraption, dripping and drying, as if catching its breath before the next plunge. The fruit of this repeated dunking is a bulging, tumorous rectangle, it's geography caked with dappled paint and thickly dribbled stalactites. Beautiful, really. And ripe with associations to the culturally over-saturated canvas, be it minimal or maximal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what is paint dipper? A refined torture device? Why am I thinking of the Salem witch trials? And what exactly does Roxy Paine have against painting? Well, nothing, I suspect. And that's one of the very salient things about his most recent show at Ronald Feldman Fine Arts. Although Paine appears to be ferreting out the utilitarian properties of a culture which has long since ceased to find a primary use for them, he is doing so with rancor or polemics. He's funny. It's not as though he has an ax to grind. He is, I think, interested in reducing certain cultural forms to their quantifiable elements, but happily, it is not an act of systematic sleuthing, finger-wagging, or disdain. On the contrary, he is inquisitive, almost guileless in his recapitulation of the facts, as if he is a brilliant feral child who has been presented with the task of distilling a cultural milieu with which he has never had direct contact. Of course, this is not exactly the case. Paine is of this world, but it seems he is methodically investigating the tools of modern culture, dismantling them word for word and then reassembling them in a way in which has, at least for him, been emptied out of its original power to transform.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paine has removed the artist's hand from the process of painting in paint dipper, and replaced it with evidence of a simple mechanical history. The layered white paint, much like coats of primer, functions as if the painter is performing an endless act of preparation, priming and repriming the surface. As if the untouched canvas is already so full of imagery, expression and information that there is little point--or perhaps little pleasure--in covering it with anything else. Nowhere is Paine's tongue more firmly planted in his cheek than in this sculpture.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In model for painting, Paine disconnects an array of brush strokes from their probable destination--presumably the canvas--and catalogues the random facsimiles of paint in a glass-covered wall vitrine. Isolated from their original intent, the assemblage looks much like a Smithsonian display of highly informative ancient crockery which is missing too many parts to reassemble into a whole. In theory, this piece, like floor model, can be reconvened to create the likeness of a work of art, a little bit like assembling a model airplane. But at the Smithsonian, the fractured antiquities, no longer functional as utilitarian objects, take on an entirely new meaning as a visual model of ancient cultural habits. Separated from their usefulness, their functionality is redefined to fulfill a modern analysis of ancient technique and virtuosity, so that other cultural galaxies can look upon them for reassessment of historical accounts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Similarly, here Paine is commenting on the formal tools of painting and sculpture, reminding us, perhaps, how they have been ravaged by overuse and consumerism and what precious little authenticity remains. Or perhaps that these basic utilities have been so codified and categorized that anyone can find equal or better goods in a blister pack at the bottom of a box of Cheerios. But primarily, I think he just wants to poke fun at an artistic milieu which has lost its tooth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And then there is the nefarious mushroom, the divinely perilous fungus which can alternately amuse, inspire, poison or heal. mushroom field (psilocybe cubensis) is a delicate bed of perfectly hewn mushrooms. Replicas, that is, of hallucinogenic mushrooms--or mushroom sculptures--expanding across a good part of the gallery floor. And much like their renowned capacity to transform, indeed they cultivate a transformation right on Mercer Street by creating the illusion of a damp, earthen paradise sprouting before our eyes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hallucinogens, associated throughout the ages with creativity and the throwing off of psychological coils, are a means to an end much like brushstrokes and sculptural components, much like cultural tenets. And they may offer, in their most refined state, an alternative vision of reality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But this is not a field of mushrooms, it is a facsimile of a field of mushrooms. Divorced from their natural environment and stripped of their magical properties, they are nostalgic, touching, whimsical. Intertwined with metaphors of myth, science, psychology and aesthetics, here Paine's use of artifice addresses issues of forgery and replication. And the artist's hand, responsible for, and yet eclipsed by, the astounding realism of the mushrooms, is also at issue, where evidence of the human touch is implicit but invisible. In poison ivy field (toxicodendron radicans), a diorama of plastic poison ivy proliferates in a weedy underbrush. One's reflexive "don't touch" resounds, as memories of bare-legged walks in the woods are conjured up. But is it frightening or is it satire? If it's a counterfeit patch of ivy, is it a counterfeit reaction? If ambivalence pervades the work, it is as a fined tuned metaphor in and of itself. While Paine's works are idea-driven, part of the machinery that drives them is the irony of his loose ends.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Janet Goleas&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brooklyn, New York&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115989001280651165?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115989001280651165/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115989001280651165' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989001280651165'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115989001280651165'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/10/roxy-paine.html' title='Roxy paine'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115939239985819748</id><published>2006-09-27T14:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-09-27T14:26:39.880-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Beauty is the mystery of life</title><content type='html'>Beauty is the mystery of life. It is not the eye it is in the mind. In our minds there is awareness of perfection.&lt;br /&gt;We respond to beauty with emotion.&lt;br /&gt;Beauty is an awareness in the mind.&lt;br /&gt;When you think of something that you should do the inner mind says "yes" and you feel elated. We call this inspritation.&lt;br /&gt;For an artist this is the only way. There is no help anywhere. He must listen to his own mind.&lt;br /&gt;Art work is responded to with happy emotions. Work about ideas is responded to with other ideas. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Agnes Martin: Beauty is the Mystery of Life" and "Journal Excerpts" in Agnes Martin.&lt;br /&gt;New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1993&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115939239985819748?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115939239985819748/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115939239985819748' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115939239985819748'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115939239985819748'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/09/beauty-is-mystery-of-life.html' title='Beauty is the mystery of life'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115902941056998662</id><published>2006-09-23T09:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-09-23T09:36:50.586-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/27-1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/27-1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.kensingtoncottage.com/Spnweel/SPWHEEL.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115902941056998662?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115902941056998662/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115902941056998662' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115902941056998662'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115902941056998662'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/09/httpwww.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115809849996230585</id><published>2006-09-12T15:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-09-12T15:01:40.026-07:00</updated><title type='text'>drawing for drawing machine 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/polaroid11116.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/polaroid11116.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/polaroid1114.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/polaroid1114.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/polaroid1115.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/polaroid1115.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115809849996230585?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115809849996230585/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115809849996230585' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115809849996230585'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115809849996230585'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/09/drawing-for-drawing-machine-2.html' title='drawing for drawing machine 2'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115713823601785721</id><published>2006-09-01T12:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-09-01T12:17:16.033-07:00</updated><title type='text'>존듀이-경험으로서의 예술</title><content type='html'>섬광이 암흑의 세계를 비출 때 대상의 순간적인 인지가 이루어진다. 그러나 그 인지는 시간 속의 단순한 하나의 점이 아니다. 인지는 길고 느린 성숙의 과정 중에서 최정점이다. 인지는 계속되는 순차적인 시간적 경험이 갑자기 다른것과 단절되어 한순간의 클라이맥스로 나타나는 것이다. 단절시키는 것은 &lt;햄릿Hamlet&gt;을 전후 문맥 없이 단 하나의 행이나 단어로 제한하는 것처럼 무의미한 일이다. 그러나 '여백은 침묵이다' 라는 말은, 계속 진행되는 때가 되면 이르게 되는 희곡의 결말로서는 아주 함축성이 있다. 자연 경관의  순간적 지각도 그와 마찬가지이다. 발전하는 생활 경험의 모든 과정에서 예시되는 공간과 시간의 조직화에 포함된 것, 이것을 명료하게 하는 기술이 바로 예술의 형식이다. 50&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;지각이란 눈앞의 어떤 사물을 그것과 무관한 과거의 어떤 사물을 통해 식별하는 것이 아니다. 인식에서 과거는 현재 속으로 들어가 혀재의 내용을 확장하고 심화하는 것이다. 외부적인 시간의 연속성이 생명의 질서와 경험의 조직화로 변화한다는 것이 여기서 예증 된다. 동일화라는 것은 머리를 끄덕이면서 스쳐자는 것이다. 혹은 동일화는 어떤 스쳐가는 순간만을 정의하며, 단지 안에 가득 채워져 있기만 한 경험 속에서 이른바 사각 지대를 적시한다. 모일 모시의 생활 과정이 단순히 계소되는 '이러저러한' 상황, 사건 혹은 사물로 불리지 않을 수 없는 범위는 한 생명, 즉 의식적 경험의 정지를 시사하는 것이다. 개별적으로 분리된 어떤 형식으로 구체화된 연속성이야 말로 의식적 경험의 본질을 이룬다. 51&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115713823601785721?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115713823601785721/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115713823601785721' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115713823601785721'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115713823601785721'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/09/blog-post_115713823601785721.html' title='존듀이-경험으로서의 예술'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115713756664471130</id><published>2006-09-01T11:50:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-09-01T12:06:06.660-07:00</updated><title type='text'>존듀이-경험으로서의 예술</title><content type='html'>생명체는 과거에 이루어진 것 위에서 살고자 하지 않고, 현재를 알려주는 것으로서 과거의 성공을 이용한다. 모든 생생한 경험의 품부함은 산타야나 George Santayana 가 즐겨 말하는 '고요한 반향 hushed reverberation' 덕분이다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;온전히 살아있는 자에게 미래란 불길한 것이 아니라 하나의 약속이다. 미래는 일종의 후광처럼 현재를 감싸고 있다. 미래는 지금 여기서 한 소유물로서 느껴지는 가능들로 이루어져 있다. 진실한 삶 속에서 온갖 사물들이 오버랩되고 융합된다. 그러나 우리는 미래가 가져다줄 것에 대해 너무 자주 우려하며, 분열괸다. 과도하게 염려하지 않더라도 우리는 현재를 즐기지 않는다. 현재에 없는 것을 중시하기 때문이다. 우리는 종종 현재를 과거나 미레에 굴복시키기 때문에, 어떤 경험의 행복한 시기는, 경험이 과거의 추억과 미래의 예측에 몰입함으로써 이제 완벽해져서 미적인 이상을 이루게 된다. 과거로 인해 괴로워하는 일이 더 이상 없게 되고 미래의 예측이 교린되지 않을때만 사람은 자기의 외계와 오전히 결합되며, 따라서 온전히 살아 있게 된다. 예술은 과거가 현재를 강화해주고 미래가 현재의 것을 가속하는 계기를 아주 강렬하게 축원한다. 40&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;예술이나 미적 지각을 경험과 결부시키는 것이 그것들의 중요성과 위엄의 저하를 의미한다는 가정으로 치닫는 것은 무지의 소치에 불과하다. 경험이 진실로 경험인 한 경험은 활력으로 고양되는 것이다. 경험은 개인적인 감정과 감각 안에 갇혀있는 것을 의미하지 않고, 세계와의 활발하고 민첩한 교제를 의미한다. 그리하여 최고의 경험은 자아와, 대상과 사건의 세계 사이의 완전한 상호 침투를 의미한다. 그것은 변덕과 무질서에 빠지는 것을 의미하지 않고, 정체가 아닌, 율동적이고 발전적인 안정의 유일한 증거를 제공한다. 경험은 한 생명체가 사물의 세계 내에서 투쟁하고 성취함으로써 실현하는 것으로 예술의 맹아이다. 42&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115713756664471130?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115713756664471130/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115713756664471130' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115713756664471130'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115713756664471130'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/09/blog-post_115713756664471130.html' title='존듀이-경험으로서의 예술'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115713660974767426</id><published>2006-09-01T11:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-09-01T11:50:09.790-07:00</updated><title type='text'>존듀이-경험으로서의 예술</title><content type='html'>내가 말하고자 하는 것은, 예술을 다른 경험 양식에서 단절시켜 예술만의 영역으로 밀어 넣음으로서 예술과 그 감상을 격리시키는 이론들은 예술이라는 것 자체에 내재하는 것이 아니라 특수한 외적 조건에서 생겨난다는 것이다. 제도와 생활 관습에 깊이 착근되어 있는 이 조건들은 매우 무의식적으로 작용하는 까닭에 효과적으로 작용한다. 그래서 이론가는 그 조건들이 사물의 본성에 착근해 있다고 상정하는 것이다. 28&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;다행스럽게도 경험 내의 미적인 것이 차지하는 위치에 대한 이론은 근본적인 형식의 경험에서 시작할 때 상세한 설명에 몰두할 필요가 없다. 폭넓은 개괄로도 충분하다. 가장 중요한 고려 사항은, 생명체가 어떤 환경 속에서 영위되는데, 단순히 환경 속에서만 영위되는 것이 아니라 환경 때문에 영위되고, 환경과의 상호작용을 통해 영위된다는 것이다. 그 어떤 생명체도 단지 피부 속에서만 사는 것은 아니다. 생명체의 피하기관들은 신체 밖에 있는 것과 접속하는 수단이며, 살기 위해서는 화해하고 방어하고 정복함으로써 외계에 자신을 적응 시켜야 한다. 살아 있는 생명체는 매순간 외계의 위험에 노출되어 있으며, 또한 욕구를 충족시키기 위해서는 항상 환경 안에서 무언가에 의존해야한다. 살아있는 존재의 생애와 운명은 환경과의 상호교류에 의해 결정된다. 외적으로가 아니라 가장 내밀하게 말이다. 32-33&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;자연에서는 생명의 수준 이햐의 것에서조차 단순한 유전이나 변화 이상의 그 무엇이 존재한다. 비록 움직이고 있다 하더라도 안정된 평형이 한 번 이루어질 때마다 매번 형식이 생격난다. 변화들은 서로 결합하고 지탱한다. 이러한 결합이 존재하는 데는 항상 지속이 있다. 절서는 외부에서 오는 것이 아니라 여러 힘들이 서로 만들어내는 조화로운 상호 작용의 관계에서 오는 것이다. 질서는 활력적이어서 그것 자체는 발전한다. 질서는 그 균형 잡힌 운동 속에 다양한 변화를 포함하게 된다. 34-45&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;자기와 환경과의 통합의 상실, 그리고 일치의 회복이 반복되는 과정은 인간 안에서 지속될 뿐만 아니라, 인간에게도 의식적이게 된다. 그 율동의 조건들은 사람이 목적을 형성하는 내용이 된다. 정서는 현재의 혹은 눈앞에 다친 파국이 의식에 나타나는 기호이다. 그리하여 부조화는 반성을 환기하는 경우가 된다.융합 회복 욕구는 단순한 정서를 조화이 실현이라는 조건으로서의 대상들에 대해 관심을 갖도록 변화시킨다. 그 조화의 실현으로 반성의 내용은 대상들의 의미로서의 대상들 안에 융합된다. 예술가는 그 결합이 행해지는 경험의 국면을 유난히 갈망하기 때문에 저항과 긴장의 계기를 기피하지 않는다. 그는 저항과 긴장 그 자체를 위해서가 아니라 통일적이고 전체적인 어떤 경험을 생생하게 의식시키는 사능성 때문에 오히려 그것들에 몰두한다. 35-36&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115713660974767426?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115713660974767426/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115713660974767426' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115713660974767426'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115713660974767426'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/09/blog-post_01.html' title='존듀이-경험으로서의 예술'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115713572010920638</id><published>2006-09-01T11:28:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-09-01T11:35:20.133-07:00</updated><title type='text'>존듀이-경험으로서의 예술</title><content type='html'>예술을 멀리 떨어진 고급한 것으로 여기는 생각이 만연해 있어, 어떤 사람이 적어도 부분적으로는 그 미적 성질 때문에 격의 없는 여흥을 즐긴다는 말을 들었을 때, 많은 사람들이 기뻐하기보다는 오히려 불쾌해 할 것이다. 오늘날 보통 사람들에게 많은 활력을 주고있는 여러 예술은 사실 사람들이 예술로 여기지 않는 것들이기 쉽다. 예를 들면, 영화, 재즈, 연재만화, 그리고 사랑의 보금자리나 살인, 강도 사건에 대한 신문 기사등이다. 보통 사람들이 예술로 알고있는 그 무엇이 미술관이나 갤러리에 갇히게 될때, 그 자체로 향유할 만한 경험을 향한 엄청난 충동이 일상 환경이 제공하는 것가 같은 출구를 찾아내기 때문이다. 예술의 미술관적 개념에 저하하는 사람이 많은데, 여전히 그들은 그 개념을 이야기하는 원인인 오류를 공유하고 잇다. 일반적 개념은 예술을 일상 경험의 대상과 사태로부터 분리시키는 데서 비롯되기 때문이다. 선별된 뛰어난 대상들이 보통이 직업인이 만들어낸 산물과 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 시대는 예술에 대한 감상이 가장 충만하고 예민한 시대이다. 서로간의 거리 때문에 교양있는 사람들에게 순수 예술작품으로 인정된 대상들이 일반 대중들에게는 생기가 없어 보일때, 미적 갈망은 쉽고 저속한 것을 추구하게 된다. -P. 21&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115713572010920638?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115713572010920638/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115713572010920638' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115713572010920638'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115713572010920638'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/09/blog-post.html' title='존듀이-경험으로서의 예술'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115134485888210313</id><published>2006-06-26T11:00:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-26T11:00:58.900-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/12c16998.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/12c16998.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ROXY PAINE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Drawing Machine, 2001 aluminum, stainless steel, glass, valve, servo motors, track, computer, custom software, bearing, ink, paper 90 X 94 X 94 inches, detail&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115134485888210313?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115134485888210313/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115134485888210313' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115134485888210313'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115134485888210313'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/roxy-paine-drawing-machine-2001.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115120676603689576</id><published>2006-06-24T19:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-24T20:39:26.053-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>The arts of Zen are not intended for utilitarian purposes, or for purely&lt;br /&gt;aesthetic enjoyment, but are meant to train the mind, indeed, to bring&lt;br /&gt;ti into to contact with ultimate reality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Suzuki&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115120676603689576?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115120676603689576/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115120676603689576' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115120676603689576'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115120676603689576'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/arts-of-zen-are-not-intended-for.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115120384656535508</id><published>2006-06-24T19:49:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-24T19:50:46.580-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Come said the muse,&lt;br /&gt;Sing me a song no poet yet has chanted,&lt;br /&gt;Sing me the universal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this broad earth of ours,&lt;br /&gt;Amid the measureless grossness and the slag,&lt;br /&gt;Enclosed and safe within its central heart,&lt;br /&gt;Nestles the seed perfection.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Walt Whitman&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115120384656535508?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115120384656535508/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115120384656535508' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115120384656535508'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115120384656535508'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/come-said-muse-sing-me-song-no-poet.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115100442650071132</id><published>2006-06-22T12:25:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-22T12:27:06.500-07:00</updated><title type='text'>See, you Later..</title><content type='html'>don't you know than I'm always waiting you&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;beneath the bark of the white ash tree&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;can't you hear the beat of my heart&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I, Daphne, uncapturable..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;see, you Later,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;se you later..&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115100442650071132?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115100442650071132/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115100442650071132' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115100442650071132'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115100442650071132'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/see-you-later.html' title='See, you Later..'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115100422231251283</id><published>2006-06-22T12:23:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-22T12:23:42.330-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Devil's dictionary</title><content type='html'>price:본래의 가치에 값을 매길때 양심의 상실에 걸맞게 적당한 액수를 보탠것&lt;br /&gt;admiration: 타인이 자기와 닮은 점을 예의 바르게 인정하는 것&lt;br /&gt;adage: 이빨이 약한 자도 씹을 수 있도록 뼈를 발라낸 인생의 지혜&lt;br /&gt;pLan:우연한 결과를 달성하기 의해 최선의 방법을 놓고 애태우다&lt;br /&gt;education: 자기 이해력에 한계가 있다는 것을 현자에게는 열어 보이고 우자에게는 닫아 보이는 것&lt;br /&gt;eccentricity:별로 비용 안 들고 유명해 지는 방법&lt;br /&gt;opportunity: 실망을 잡으려면 이것이 찬스&lt;br /&gt;outdo:적을 만들다&lt;br /&gt;otherwise:결국 마찬가지로&lt;br /&gt;abuse:이쪽에서 반박을 할 수 없게 만드는 재주&lt;br /&gt;befriend: 배은 망덕의 무리를 양성하다&lt;br /&gt;bore: 이쪽의 이야기를 좀 들어줬으면 싶을 때에 저 혼자만 멋대로 지껄이는 자&lt;br /&gt;foolhardy: 용기있는 짓을 한 것까지는 좋지만 재수가 없는&lt;br /&gt;ignoramus: 당신을 잘 알고 잇는 모종의 지식에 대해서는 어두운 반면, 당신이 전혀 모르는 다른 종류의 지식에는 밝은 사람&lt;br /&gt;learning: 학문에 정진하는 자에게 특유한 일종의 무지&lt;br /&gt;accuse: 남의 비행을 책하거나 무가치하다고 단정하다.&lt;br /&gt;asperse: 자신에게는 그것을 범할만한 유혹도 기회도 없덨던 악덕행위를 남이 하고 있다고 심술궃게 말하다.&lt;br /&gt;critic: 아무도 자신의 비위를 맞추는 사람이 없기 때문에 자신이야 말로 아첨에 넘어가지 않는 사람이라고 자부하는 자&lt;br /&gt;dictionary: 언어의 자유로운 성장을 억제하여 그 언어를 탄력성 없는 것으로 고정시키고자 생각해낸 문필에 관한 악랄한 조작. &lt;br /&gt;consult: 이미 자기 스스로는 결심한 방침에 대하여 타인의 ㄷㅇ의를 구하다&lt;br /&gt;hurry: 서투른 일꾼의 벼락치기 일&lt;br /&gt;rumor: 인간이 애용하는 남의 명성을 말살하는 무기&lt;br /&gt;history: 대체로 악인인 지배자와 바보스런 군대에 의해 야기되는 대체로 대단치 않은 사건에 관한 사실과 다른 기록.&lt;br /&gt;polite: 알면서도 모르는 척하는 재주와 훈련을 쌓은&lt;br /&gt;friendship: 날씨 좋을 때는 두 사람이 충분히 탈 수 있으나, 날씨가 나쁠 때는 오직 한 사람밖에 탈수 없는 크기의 배&lt;br /&gt;consolation: 자기보다  유능한 자가 실은 자기보다 오히려 블행하다는 것을 아는것&lt;br /&gt;selfish: 남의 이기에 대한 배려가 결여되어 있는&lt;br /&gt;diary: 자기 생활 가운데 자신에 대해 얼굴을 붉히지 않고도 말할 수 있는 부분을 기록한 것&lt;br /&gt;religion: 희망과 공포를 부모로 삼고 무지에게 불가지한 본질을 설명해 주는 딸&lt;br /&gt;prescription: 호나자에게는 되도록 장해가 없도록 유의하면서, 현재의 상태를 최대한으로 연장하려면 무슨 조치가 가장 적절한가에 대하여 의사가 행하는 추측. &lt;br /&gt;phiosophy: 시작도 없고 목적지도 없는 수많은 길로 이루어진 하나의 루트&lt;br /&gt;erudition: 속이 텅 빈 두대골 속에 털어 넣은 책의 먼지&lt;br /&gt;recollect: 종전에는 있지도 않았던 것까지 덧붙여서 생각해내다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce, The Devil's Dictionary&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115100422231251283?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115100422231251283/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115100422231251283' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115100422231251283'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115100422231251283'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/devils-dictionary.html' title='Devil&apos;s dictionary'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115100032544991731</id><published>2006-06-22T11:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-22T11:18:45.466-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>진실은 항상 아주 가까이에 있다.&lt;br /&gt;단지 그것은 아주 교묘하게 가려져 있기 때문에 보이지 않는 것뿐이다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;우리들은 항상 진실을, 눈앞처럼 가까이에 두고도 그것을 파악하지 못하는 우를 범하곤 한다.&lt;br /&gt;그렇다면 도대체 우리들은 무엇을 보고 있는 걸까?&lt;br /&gt;우선, 당신이 보는것이 진실이라고 믿는가?&lt;br /&gt;반은 정답이고, 반은 아니다.&lt;br /&gt;왜냐하면, 진실이라는 것에는 뚜렷한 정의가 없기 때문이다.&lt;br /&gt;예를 들어, 당신이 A라는 인물이 B라는 인물을 구타하는 장면을 봤다고 치자.&lt;br /&gt;하지만, 당신은 그것이 소매치기인 B가 어떤 할머니의 지갑을 훔쳐가서 그것을 되찾느라 그렇게 했는지,&lt;br /&gt;아니면 평소 건달이었던 A가 습관적으로 또 지나가는 행인인 B를 구타하는 것인지 알수가 없다.&lt;br /&gt;왜냐하면 당신은 그 장면만을 보았기 때문이다.&lt;br /&gt;그런고로, 당신이 알수 잇는 것은, 그저 A가 B를 구타하고 있다는 단편적인 사실 뿐이다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;이것은 객관성과 주관성과의 면과도 연결되는 이야기 이다.&lt;br /&gt;만약 도마 안중근 선생의 기사가 있다고 치자.&lt;br /&gt;객관적으로만 기사를 써서 그 사건을 보도하고자 한다면, 안중근 선생은 그저 못된 폭탄테러범이며, 일본을 싫어하는&lt;br /&gt;극단적인 국수주의자로 비춰질지도 모른다.&lt;br /&gt;그러나 만약 주관성을 가미하여 이 기사를 보도한다면, 이야기는 상당히 달라지고 만다.&lt;br /&gt;그는 영웅이 되어버린다.&lt;br /&gt;한국을 통째로 집어삼키려고 했던 일본의 관리를 저격하려고 시도했던 용감한 한국인이 되어버린다.&lt;br /&gt;그것은 그 주관적인 기사가 앞 뒤 내용을 전부 포과할고 있기 때문이다.&lt;br /&gt;(물론 그 주관적인 기사도 완전히 진실에 가깝다고 할 수는 없지만, 그것은 객관적인 기사와 주관적인 기사 중에서 그나마&lt;br /&gt;주관적인 기사가 더 진실에 가깝다는 소리이기 때문에, 이 논점에서는 그닥 문제가 되지 않는다.)&lt;br /&gt;어찌되었건, 자신이 보고 있는 것이 완벽한 진실이 아니라는 기분이 좋을 인간은 없기 때문에. &lt;br /&gt;우리는 그냥 다 그러려니 하고 넘어간다.&lt;br /&gt;이것저것 건드리다 보면  머리가 아픈 법이다.&lt;br /&gt;단 하나의 실을 가지고도 오만가지 편견과 오해가 존재하는 법인데, 엄청난 양의 정보가 넘쳐나는 우리 세상은 하물며 어떨ㄱ까. &lt;br /&gt;따라서 그냥 모두들 알고도 그려너니 하고 무시하고 지나가는 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;물론 그것을 정확하게 관념적으로 이해해 내는 이는 그다지 많지 않으나,&lt;br /&gt;보통 인간이라면, 대략 이러면 이런가 보지, 하고 알게 모르게 그것을 실생활에서 발견하고 수긍해 내는 것이다.&lt;br /&gt;진실은 있다.&lt;br /&gt;단지 그것은 뚜렷하게 잡히는 성질의 것이 아니기 때문에, 그것을 온전히 볼 수 없을 뿐이다.&lt;br /&gt;그저 그럴 뿐이다.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115100032544991731?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115100032544991731/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115100032544991731' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115100032544991731'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115100032544991731'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/blog-post_22.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115083833109343350</id><published>2006-06-20T14:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-20T14:23:36.520-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Dennis ophenheim</title><content type='html'>Oppenheim remarked, "machines are a rather perfect device to use as a metaphor for thinking. [Through these] industrial and mechanical systems. . . I felt I could objectify the mechanics of thought." Mining ore, for example, suggests coming up with an idea. Diamond cutting suggests the refinement of a thought-object. A launching structure suggests the moment of putting a thought into action, and so on. -p.39&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Something similar was occuring at this time in his close friend Acconci;s work also. For both Oppenheim and Acconci the era of directly embodying theory through the use of mental process or consciousness as material had passed, and questions concerning the nature of the physical art object and its representational force had reasserted themselves. pp.39&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115083833109343350?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115083833109343350/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115083833109343350' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115083833109343350'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115083833109343350'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/dennis-ophenheim.html' title='Dennis ophenheim'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115040571498041826</id><published>2006-06-15T14:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T14:08:35.000-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Marrtha stewart show article</title><content type='html'>http://www.metropolismag.com/cda/story.php?artid=2095&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115040571498041826?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115040571498041826/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115040571498041826' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115040571498041826'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115040571498041826'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/marrtha-stewart-show-article.html' title='Marrtha stewart show article'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039969098599131</id><published>2006-06-15T12:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T12:28:10.986-07:00</updated><title type='text'>cHair</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/spiral-leakxx.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/spiral-leakxx.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039969098599131?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039969098599131/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039969098599131' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039969098599131'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039969098599131'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/chair.html' title='cHair'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039929763852442</id><published>2006-06-15T12:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T12:21:37.640-07:00</updated><title type='text'>tRee hOuse</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/tree_house2-leakxx.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/tree_house2-leakxx.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New Guinea&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039929763852442?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039929763852442/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039929763852442' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039929763852442'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039929763852442'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/tree-house.html' title='tRee hOuse'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039816838595809</id><published>2006-06-15T11:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-20T14:15:05.103-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Unformed Landscape, Peter Stamm</title><content type='html'>On Sunday the pastor spoke of the water of life that poured out into the sea of eternity. Then, he said, every creature living there will swim freely. there willbe quantities of fish. Because as soon as this water comes, the salt water will heal, and everything the river touches will remain alive forever. -p.3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thomas knew what he was after. When he started talking about marriage, it hadn't even crossed Kathrine's mind. His life represented a bold stroke through the unformed landscape of her life. Like the pistes for a snowmobile, marked with poles in the snow, his life cut across hers, with an objective and a destination. It was possible that Thomas himself didn't know why he had chosen this particular path, but he had put down the marker poles, and it was a way that could be gone, and that he was going to go with her. p.19-20&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the things he had told her. And what had she ever told him? He had never asked about anything in her life, and if she did happen to talk about it, he hadn't paid any attention. So she had ended up keeping her stories to herself. Her stories. p.45&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What was done was done. That was what her father had always said to her mother, what's done is done. When he had to sell his boat, either because the fishing grounds were almost fished out, or the price of fish was going down, or because he was ill or not a good fish man, who could say. When he went to work in the fish factory, not difficult work, but he was already sick. And when Kathrine went to visit him in the factory, she was about fourteen, and asked him, isn't it boring to do the same thign all day long, he would say what's done is done. As if it didn't matter that he had once owned a boat. But it wasn't true. In the village, nothing was ever done. p.47&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;She thought of the fish moving in the depths, through the calm water, in darkness, suddenly being plucked up to the surface in a net, into the storm. Thousands of fish, squirming fish, pulled up onto the deck of the ship, an enormous body of fish, tipped into the hold, where they continued to wriggle and finally suffocated, or were killed by the fishermen. Katherine thought of the tuna fish in Boulogne, with their old, earnest faces that looked almost human. She thought of how people died. Whether you continued to try and swim. The brief moment when you went down, before you suffocated. When you stopped struggling for breath, stopped thrashing about with your arms. The instant in which he'd given up, and maybe swam a couple more strokes, not to get to the surface, there was no point, and he knew it. A couple of strokes. And the calm, the quiet under the water. The fact that the last moment is supposed to be happy. p.128-129&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039816838595809?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039816838595809/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039816838595809' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039816838595809'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039816838595809'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/unformed-landscape-peter-stamm.html' title='Unformed Landscape, Peter Stamm'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039701229493251</id><published>2006-06-15T11:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T11:43:32.296-07:00</updated><title type='text'>tagging your name, 2006</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/threadbox4.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/threadbox4.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/threadbox7.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/threadbox7.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/threadbox1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/threadbox1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;at provflux&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039701229493251?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039701229493251/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039701229493251' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039701229493251'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039701229493251'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/tagging-your-name-2006.html' title='tagging your name, 2006'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039687280184091</id><published>2006-06-15T11:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T11:41:12.803-07:00</updated><title type='text'>make your own sentence, 2006</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/stone.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/stone.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039687280184091?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039687280184091/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039687280184091' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039687280184091'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039687280184091'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/make-your-own-sentence-2006_15.html' title='make your own sentence, 2006'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039677376489685</id><published>2006-06-15T11:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T11:39:33.766-07:00</updated><title type='text'>make your own sentence, 2006</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/stonebox1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/stonebox1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/stonebox2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/stonebox2.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/stonebox3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/stonebox3.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039677376489685?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039677376489685/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039677376489685' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039677376489685'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039677376489685'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/make-your-own-sentence-2006.html' title='make your own sentence, 2006'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039662175278992</id><published>2006-06-15T11:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T11:37:01.753-07:00</updated><title type='text'>flower</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/flower4.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/flower4.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/flower7.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/flower7.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039662175278992?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039662175278992/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039662175278992' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039662175278992'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039662175278992'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/flower.html' title='flower'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039654408057379</id><published>2006-06-15T11:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T11:35:44.080-07:00</updated><title type='text'>tracing your time, 2006</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/chalk1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/chalk1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/chalk4.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/chalk4.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039654408057379?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039654408057379/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039654408057379' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039654408057379'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039654408057379'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/tracing-your-time-2006.html' title='tracing your time, 2006'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039639273738677</id><published>2006-06-15T11:31:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T11:33:12.826-07:00</updated><title type='text'>banded book, 2006</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/bandedbook3.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/bandedbook3.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/bandedbook5.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/bandedbook5.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039639273738677?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039639273738677/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039639273738677' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039639273738677'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039639273738677'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/banded-book-2006_115039639273738677.html' title='banded book, 2006'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115039625342340297</id><published>2006-06-15T11:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-15T11:31:13.286-07:00</updated><title type='text'>banded book, 2006</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/bandedbook2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/bandedbook2.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115039625342340297?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115039625342340297/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115039625342340297' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039625342340297'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115039625342340297'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/banded-book-2006.html' title='banded book, 2006'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115029354001486478</id><published>2006-06-14T06:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-14T06:59:00.030-07:00</updated><title type='text'>gunther Uecker</title><content type='html'>In 1957 he embarked on a series of 'nail reliefs', since he considered the two dimensional lines in drawings to be lifeless. Nails gave him the opportunity to make three-dimensional lines. He went on to try making the 'lines' of the nails part of the actual space by shooting arrows on a canvas. The monotonous ritualistic repetition of hammering nails was a form of therapy for Uecker, of which the shootingof arrows was a part. -p.163&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115029354001486478?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115029354001486478/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115029354001486478' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115029354001486478'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115029354001486478'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/gunther-uecker_115029354001486478.html' title='gunther Uecker'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115029266704214208</id><published>2006-06-14T06:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-14T06:44:27.070-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/piper_68.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/piper_68.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115029266704214208?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115029266704214208/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115029266704214208' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115029266704214208'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115029266704214208'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/blog-post_14.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115029153311554697</id><published>2006-06-14T06:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-14T06:25:33.116-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Gunther Uecker</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/27.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/27.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/22.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/22.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The act of driving a nail is monotonous, yet it has to be carried out with great care; Uecker, who had already become interested in Zen Buddhism at an early date, saw an activity in which a balance exited between its meditative qualities and its aggressive nature.The first nail objects arose in the late fifties. Initially, Uecker restricted himself to Punctuation and the creation of a Perforated Structure , as two works from 1957 and 1958 were called that featured nails, or, to be more precise, "the principle of the nail as a point, as a hole driven into the pictorial surface, or as a trace of a hole," as Wieland Schmied wrote on the occasion of an exhibition in the Kestner Society in Hanover. During the time that followed, Uecker refined his method. The protruding, projecting steel pin proved to be the ideal vehicle for his artistic purposes. "Where two lines touch," Uecker wrote, "is a point. That is where I drive a nail. The nail's shadow creates a new line - the movement of the shadow develops into a perception of time." Point, line, a shadow varying according to the light source and the resulting symbolic representation of the passage of time - these are the coordinates within which Uecker established his working method.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's only after taking a closer look, however, that it becomes clear how deceptive the initial impression actually is - that the apparent "nature" actually derives from another, harder nature. While the contrasts dominate at a distance, seen from close up, the works produce an oscillation of perception between optical deception and the knowledge of a highly concrete, nearly banal objectivity. It almost seems as though the picture's effect were spreading into the room, determining it: "My attempt at activating a real space through creating structures, to enable that space to be experienced as a pure state of objective aesthetics, led me to pursue new formal means," Uecker stated in the early sixties. "I use nails as structural elements; I don't want them to be seen as nails. In using these means, I'm concerned in creating an oscillation in their ordered relationship to one another, one that disturbs their geometric order, is capable of unsettling it. The white objects are to be seen as a state of extreme intensity in continuous change, due to the fluctuation in light. I consider mutability to be important; it is able to convey the beauty of movement."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115029153311554697?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115029153311554697/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115029153311554697' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115029153311554697'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115029153311554697'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/gunther-uecker_14.html' title='Gunther Uecker'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115029129747528795</id><published>2006-06-14T06:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-14T06:21:37.490-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Gunther Uecker</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/50.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/50.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/artwork_images_488_147002t_Gunther-Uecker.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/artwork_images_488_147002t_Gunther-Uecker.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gunther Uecker, born in 1930, member of the artists' group ZERO and mastermind of the action on the banks of the river Rhine, demonstrated frequently throughout these years. Art and life, art and politics, art and ecstasy - it was all supposed to become one in the sixties and early seventies, and Uecker, brother-in-law of Yves Klein, the French happening artist who painted the brilliant blue canvases, was right in the middle of the scene. The movement wanted to achieve something new and was little impressed by bourgeois criteria.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115029129747528795?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115029129747528795/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115029129747528795' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115029129747528795'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115029129747528795'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/gunther-uecker.html' title='Gunther Uecker'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115023973754557514</id><published>2006-06-13T15:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-13T16:26:11.860-07:00</updated><title type='text'>zen in the fifties</title><content type='html'>Yves Klein is influenced by Zen, which emphasize the unity  and harmony of mind and body, the experience of true reality, transcendence above words, enlightenment through silence, thought surpassing logic and an awareness of the power of nothing.&lt;br /&gt;Judo had apparently taught him how to restore and control energy, how to breath and move, given him a feeling for balance, proportions and satial harmony, as well as providing him with ways in which to express himself and with certain psychological rituals. p.124&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'Le vide', the empty space of the Iris Clert Gallery, which Klein presented as an exhibition in May 1958, is reminiscent of the emptiness in temples and gardens which is favoured in Zen. Klein's intention with this work was to arouse an awareness of sensitivity and immateriality. 'Theatre du vide', a project which Klein conducted in August 1960, of an artist plunging into space, is a 'falling action' which is similar to 'floating through air' which occurs during a Judo fight. 'Le saut dans le vide' (Leap into emptiness), as Klein entitled his project in 1961, is also a description used in Zen meditation, referring to the ultimate goal of Satori. p.126-127&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115023973754557514?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115023973754557514/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115023973754557514' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115023973754557514'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115023973754557514'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/zen-in-fifties_13.html' title='zen in the fifties'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115021366396753200</id><published>2006-06-13T08:45:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-13T08:47:43.970-07:00</updated><title type='text'>폐왕성</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/a5142215_1-unhasu57.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/a5142215_1-unhasu57.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1-unhasu57.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1-unhasu57.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/5-unhasu57.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/5-unhasu57.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;폐왕성과 의종에 관하여&lt;br /&gt;고려 18대왕인 의종이 정중부의 난으로 쫓겨나 유배를 왔던 곳이다.  인종의 맏아들이었고 제2비인 공예태후 임씨의 소생이었던 의종은 1146년 왕위에 올랐다.  처음에는 왕권강화에 힘썼으나 점차 방종하여 문신들과 어울려 연회를 베푸는 일이 잦아지면서 문신들을 우대하고 무신들을 홀대하여 정중부의 난을 일으키게 만들었다.  김보당에 의해 복위를 꿈꾸며 경주로 옮겨졌다가 결국 이의민에게 죽고 만다.&lt;br /&gt;  폐왕성은 길이 640미터 높이 8미터의 산성으로 유배왔던 의종이 머물렀던곳이며 거제시 둔덕면에는 여러 마을의 이름에 당시의 흔적들이 남아있다.  상둔과 하둔은 호위군의 주둔지로 넓은 들에 둔전을 설치하여 식량을 생산 공급하던 곳이었고 농막 마을은 농사를 짓는 곳, 마장과 시목은 말을 키우던 곳이라는 의미이다. 폐왕성이 있는 우두봉은 정상부위에 초원이 있는데 이 초원에 의종때부터 말을 방목하였다고 한다.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;전쟁을 대비한 무기로 쓰기 위해 비축해 두었던 것일까?  바닷가에는 널려있지만 산위에서는 보기힘든 몽돌들이 무더기로 있는 곳이 있었고 누군가 그 몽돌을 바위위에 쌓아두었다.  왕위를 뺏기고 머나먼 유배의 땅에 새로 둥지를 틀었던 의종은 이곳에서 복위되기를 꿈꾸었을 것이고 그를 따라왔던 무리들은 의종과 더불어 다시 찬란한 햇살 아래 서기 위해서 얼마나 많은 노력을 했었을까?  세월에 묻혀서 의종은 이제 역사속의 인물로 남아있고 그가 한시절을 보냈던 성은 무성한 풀숲에서 주인을 잃은채 쓸쓸히 잠들어있다.  성을 뒤로하고 둔덕쪽으로 내려오며 뒤돌아서서 올려다 본 폐왕성.  견내량을 바라보며 서있는 폐왕성의 어디에선가는 복위를 꿈꾸다 떠났고 끝내 경주에서 세상을 하직했던 의종의 넋이 남아있을 듯 하다.  그리고 팔백년이 넘는 세월이 흐른 지금 그곳에서는 역사의 패자인 한 남자의 삶이 아주 일부분 조용히 사람들의 기억밖으로 사라지고 있었다.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115021366396753200?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115021366396753200/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115021366396753200' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115021366396753200'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115021366396753200'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/blog-post_13.html' title='폐왕성'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-115020983395456371</id><published>2006-06-13T07:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-13T10:54:28.430-07:00</updated><title type='text'>zen in the fifties</title><content type='html'>Satori,which means "insight into the true meaning", is only possible to ontain by intensely felt and practical, personal experiences. The experience of concrete things from everyday life is particularly importany.  p.12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Irrationality and paradoxical thought are the only tools with which to gain insight into the true existence, since being cannot be penetrated by cerebral means. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Hard because to understand it, is not to understand it; easy because not to understand it, is to understand it" Suzuki said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once Satori has been obtained, the world is experienced from a new, fresh point of view, as well as in its "wholeness'. -p.12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zen unites the religious and the secular. And that has consequences for the Zen arts. Not only are arts practised in traditional forms, like poetry and painting, but also, perferably, by way of everyday activities like writing, tea-making, flower arranging, self-defence, archery, and swordsmanship. The necessary component of these arts obviates the antithesis between mind and body. -p.13&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Heinrich Dumoulin described the relationship between art and meditation as follows: "The Zen arts are inspired by meditation and the meditation experiences manifest themselves in the arts." Zen wants us to make ourselves free and untrammelled, and sees the practice of art as a way of attaining the awakening and liberation of the self. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zen wants us to get in touch with the 'inner workings of our being', without seeking refuge in the 'self' or resorting to anything external or superadded. -p.13&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Shin'ichi Hisamatsu formulated seven characteristics of 'Zen Aesthetics' in his book zen and the fine arts: Asymmetry, Simplicity, Naturalness, Tranquillity, Freedom of Attachment, Subtle Profundity and Austere Sublimity. -p.16&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In addition to these characteristics, we might add that the figures are placed in the entire composition. That is partly due to the factthat the empty sapces in the paintings are just as important as the painted figures.&lt;br /&gt;Suzuki descrives the style and technique of Sumi-e in this essays as follows:&lt;br /&gt;" THe inspiration is to be transferred on to the paper in the quickest possible time. The lines are to be drawn as suiftly as possible and the fewest in number, only the absolutely necessary ones being indicated. No deliberation is allowed, no erasing, no repetition, no retouching, no remodelling". (..)The master lets his brush move "without his conscious efforts. If any logic or reflection comes between brush and paper, the whole effect is spoiled.(...) There is no chiaroscuro, no perspective in it. Indeed, they are not needed in Sumi-e, which makes no pretension to realism. It attempts to make the spirit of any object move on the paper. Thus each brush-stroke must beat with the pulsation of a living being. It must be living too (...) the rhythm of its living breath vibrates in them."&lt;br /&gt; -p.16&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aspects of Zen and the Zen arts&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Emptiness and nothingness&lt;br /&gt;In the Zen belief the concepts of emptiness and nothingness do not refer to an absence of something, but are 'complete' in themselves. It means that empty is also full, and nothing is something. -p.17&lt;br /&gt;Suzuki worded Sutra as follows:&lt;br /&gt;"Thus, Sariputra, all things have the character of emptiness, they have no begining, no end, they are faultness and not faultness, they are not perfect and not imperfect. Therefore, O Sariputra, here in this emptiness there in no form, no perception, no name, no concepts, no knowledge. No eye, no ear, no nose, no tongue, no body, no mind. No form, no sound, no smell, no taste, no touch, no object. . .  There is no knowledge, no ignorance, no destruction of ignorance..."&lt;br /&gt;The great significance of emptiness and nothingness in Zen is reflected in the description of Mu(meaning emptiness and nothingness) as "pure experience, the very foundation of our being and thought" and "always with us and in us(...), is our life itself." p.19&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moreover, emptiness plays an important part in the Zen arts, as a formal aspect. Take, for example, the central role played by the large empty spaces in Sumi-e, like the favourite subject of Enso and the expanses of emptiness in Zen garden. -p.19-20&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Dynamism&lt;br /&gt;The world is seen as a dynamic and constantly changing whole.Suzuki said, "Life itself must be grasped in the midst of its flow; to stop it for examination and analysis is to kill it, leaving its cold corpse to be embraced". It may be one which is noly attained after a disciplined learning process, in which the unity of subject and object has to be attained. The ensuing spontaneity is then one of naure itself. In the end, results of the Zen Master's painting and writing, the spontaneously painted lines are primarily what give the work a dynamic experession.  The empty parts emanate a 'quiet dynamism.' -p.20&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Indefinite and surrounding space&lt;br /&gt;The japanese word Ma means both time and space, and is mainly interpreted as 'interval'. This term is not only used for a time interval, as in the pause between two notes of music, but the space between two brush-strokes is also experienced as Ma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The traditional Japanese artist also see space as 'surrounding', meaning that during his work he is aware of the space around him, not just in front of him(similiar with Western persepective which aware of the space in front of him, and envisages it as receding.)&lt;br /&gt;Kitaro Nishida described the space as "the space in art from the Far East is not the space facing the self, but the space in which the self is situated." ( the difference: observation with respect to Western artists, and participation with respect to Eastern artists) &lt;br /&gt;In sumi-e the experience of the surrounding space can be perceived in the suggestion of an indefinite space. That means that there is not by any means a clearly receding space, but that the space in the work is also part of the space in which the viewer is situated. The absence of a horizon means that the suggestion of space can also be interpreted as an infinite space. p.20&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Direct experience of here and now&lt;br /&gt;Suzuki stresses thre focus on the concrete things of everyday life, commenting that Zen attaches inexperessibly great significance even in holding up a finger or in saying a 'good morning' to a friend casually met in the street. Shin'ichi Hisamatsu relates the interest within Zen in the commonplace with the amis of art:&lt;br /&gt;"When in the raising of a hand or in a single step something of Zen is present, that Zen content seems to me to possess a very specific, artistic quality. A narrow conception of art might not accept that such manifestations contain anything artistic, but to me it seems that they possess an artistic quality that ordinarily cannot be seen, In fact, in such vital workings of Zen, I believe that something not merely artistic but also beyond art is involved, something toward which art should aim as its goal."&lt;br /&gt;Suzuki thinks every Zensist is an artist, as he makes a work of art of his life. -p.22&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Nondualism and the Universal&lt;br /&gt;zen prefers nondualism, which is the opposite to the traditional Western way of thinking, based on 'discrimination'. This means that Western Man is primarily oriented towards edtablishing his own identity and that of other people and things, doing so by seeking differences. Zen advises a unification of antitheses. &lt;br /&gt;The Zen Master tries to feel ar one with his materials, and thus obtain a more universal expression. The resulting pieces should also characterize a nondualism. That means that a fragment can seem both full and empty, that dynamism is at the same time rest, form can also be formless, and so on.-p.22-23&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-115020983395456371?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/115020983395456371/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=115020983395456371' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115020983395456371'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/115020983395456371'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/zen-in-fifties.html' title='zen in the fifties'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114953514876495569</id><published>2006-06-05T12:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-05T12:19:08.803-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Liquidation</title><content type='html'>Why am I recording all this? I don't know, because none of it goes to  show a thing. In the world as it presented itself to me, effects did not always derive from causes, nor did causes always prove adequately grounded points of departure; as a result, in that world the sort of logic that presumed to arrive at causes through unraveling the effects was a mistaken logic. I consider that the world as it presented itself to me had no logic whatsoever.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;-p.36-37&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114953514876495569?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114953514876495569/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114953514876495569' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114953514876495569'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114953514876495569'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/liquidation.html' title='Liquidation'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114953144217418277</id><published>2006-06-05T11:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-06-05T11:17:22.190-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>내가 죽는 방법을 생각하는 것은 죽기 위해서가 아니라 살기 위해서다. - A. 말로 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;모든 희망은 인간에게 허락되어 있다. 세상에서 사라져 버리겠다는 희망까지도. -장 로스탕 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;사람으로 한 번 태어났으니, 목숨을 해치지 말고 목숨이 다할 때까지 살아야 한다. -장자 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;삶이 고단하고 힘들다고 죽으려 하지 말라. 어깨에 진 짐이야말로 인간의 목표를 달성시키는데 도움이 될 것이다. 짐을 벗어버리는 유일한 길은 목표를 달성시킨다고 생각하며 살아가는 것이다. -에머슨 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;쇼펜하우어의 3대 행복론. 첫째, 사람은 나지 않음이 행복하다. 둘째, 태어났으면 일찍 죽는 것이 행복하다. 셋째, 일찍 죽지 않았으면 자살하라. (그는 염세주의의 대표자로, 1988년에 태어나 1860년까지 오래 살았으며(72세), 1831년에는 당시 유행한 콜레라를 피해서 프랑크푸르트암마인으로 옮겨가 평생을 그곳에서 살았다) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;시간을 죽이는 것은 점차적으로 자살하는 것이다. -불케 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;인간은 자연사(自然死)하는 것이 아니라, 자살하는 것이다. -세네카 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;자살하고 싶은 생각은 크나큰 위로이다. 그것으로 인해 헤아릴 수 없이 많은 끔찍한 밤을 성공적으로 보내는 것이다. -프리드리히 빌헬름 니체&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;자살할 힘을 가진 사람은 행복하다. - A. 테니슨 [티소나스] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;죽고 싶은 생각이 들면 일을 하라. -볼테르(사상가) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;참으로 위대한 철학의 문제는 하나밖에 없다. 그것은 자살이다. 인생을 괴로워하며 살 값어치가 있는지 없는지의 판단을 하는 것, 이것이 철학의 기본적인 문제에 대답하는 것이다. - A. 카뮈 [시지프스의 신화]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;자살한다는 것은 어떤 의미에서는 멜로 드라마에서 볼 수 있는 것처럼 일종의 고백하는 것이라 하겠다. 그것은 인생에 패배했다는 것, 혹은 인생을 이해하지 못했다는 것을 고백하는 것이다. - A. 카뮈 [시지푸스의 신화]&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114953144217418277?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114953144217418277/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114953144217418277' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114953144217418277'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114953144217418277'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/06/blog-post.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114864454405327865</id><published>2006-05-26T04:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-26T04:55:44.076-07:00</updated><title type='text'>nancy holt-sun tunnels</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/holt_sun_tunnels.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/holt_sun_tunnels.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114864454405327865?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114864454405327865/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114864454405327865' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114864454405327865'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114864454405327865'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/nancy-holt-sun-tunnels.html' title='nancy holt-sun tunnels'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857740331223873</id><published>2006-05-25T10:15:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:16:43.313-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Ryoanji Zen garden in Kyoto</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/11.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/11.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.8.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.8.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857740331223873?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857740331223873/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857740331223873' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857740331223873'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857740331223873'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/ryoanji-zen-garden-in-kyoto.html' title='Ryoanji Zen garden in Kyoto'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857732376194369</id><published>2006-05-25T10:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:15:23.763-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Mandala- sand drawing</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.7.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.7.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857732376194369?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857732376194369/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857732376194369' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857732376194369'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857732376194369'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/mandala-sand-drawing.html' title='Mandala- sand drawing'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857726904657881</id><published>2006-05-25T10:13:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:14:29.046-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Lee U Fan, Correspondance</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.6.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.6.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857726904657881?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857726904657881/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857726904657881' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857726904657881'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857726904657881'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/lee-u-fan-correspondance.html' title='Lee U Fan, Correspondance'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857718523251493</id><published>2006-05-25T10:13:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:13:05.233-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Hakuin Ekaku (1685-1768), Enso</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.5.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.5.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857718523251493?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857718523251493/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857718523251493' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857718523251493'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857718523251493'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/hakuin-ekaku-1685-1768-enso.html' title='Hakuin Ekaku (1685-1768), Enso'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857713675409930</id><published>2006-05-25T10:11:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:12:16.756-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Mona Hatoum, and -</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.4.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.4.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857713675409930?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857713675409930/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857713675409930' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857713675409930'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857713675409930'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/mona-hatoum-and.html' title='Mona Hatoum, and -'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857708534188680</id><published>2006-05-25T10:10:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:11:25.343-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Rebecca Horn-Pendulum with indian yellow pigment</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.3.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.3.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857708534188680?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857708534188680/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857708534188680' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857708534188680'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857708534188680'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/rebecca-horn-pendulum-with-indian.html' title='Rebecca Horn-Pendulum with indian yellow pigment'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857702062477809</id><published>2006-05-25T10:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:10:20.626-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Rebecca Horn-Pendulum with tip</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.2.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.2.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857702062477809?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857702062477809/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857702062477809' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857702062477809'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857702062477809'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/rebecca-horn-pendulum-with-tip.html' title='Rebecca Horn-Pendulum with tip'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857690827767999</id><published>2006-05-25T10:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:09:23.603-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Rebecca Horn</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.1.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.1.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857690827767999?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857690827767999/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857690827767999' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857690827767999'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857690827767999'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/rebecca-horn_25.html' title='Rebecca Horn'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857689235204990</id><published>2006-05-25T10:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:08:12.353-07:00</updated><title type='text'>James Turrell-Kielder skyspace</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.0.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.0.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857689235204990?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857689235204990/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857689235204990' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857689235204990'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857689235204990'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/james-turrell-kielder-skyspace.html' title='James Turrell-Kielder skyspace'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114857682246726554</id><published>2006-05-25T07:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T10:07:02.490-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Denis Oppenheim - Annual rings</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/1.png"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/1.png" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114857682246726554?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114857682246726554/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114857682246726554' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857682246726554'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114857682246726554'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/denis-oppenheim-annual-rings.html' title='Denis Oppenheim - Annual rings'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856827530717655</id><published>2006-05-25T07:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:44:35.310-07:00</updated><title type='text'>process of drawing2</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0045.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0045.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0042.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0042.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0041.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0041.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856827530717655?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856827530717655/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856827530717655' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856827530717655'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856827530717655'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/process-of-drawing2.html' title='process of drawing2'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856820678753209</id><published>2006-05-25T07:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:43:26.786-07:00</updated><title type='text'>when water meets ink</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0039.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0039.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0038.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0038.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0040.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0040.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856820678753209?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856820678753209/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856820678753209' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856820678753209'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856820678753209'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/when-water-meets-ink.html' title='when water meets ink'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856808413315170</id><published>2006-05-25T07:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:41:24.136-07:00</updated><title type='text'>process of drawing</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0036.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0036.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0037.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0037.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0035.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0035.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856808413315170?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856808413315170/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856808413315170' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856808413315170'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856808413315170'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/process-of-drawing.html' title='process of drawing'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856795774084910</id><published>2006-05-25T07:37:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:39:17.743-07:00</updated><title type='text'>installation view2</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0022.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0022.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0023.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0023.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0024.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0024.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856795774084910?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856795774084910/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856795774084910' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856795774084910'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856795774084910'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/installation-view2.html' title='installation view2'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856786002851999</id><published>2006-05-25T07:36:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:37:40.030-07:00</updated><title type='text'>installation view</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0017.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0017.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0018.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0018.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0019.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0019.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856786002851999?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856786002851999/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856786002851999' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856786002851999'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856786002851999'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/installation-view.html' title='installation view'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856779362993853</id><published>2006-05-25T07:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:36:33.630-07:00</updated><title type='text'>part of drawing machine</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0015.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0015.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856779362993853?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856779362993853/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856779362993853' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856779362993853'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856779362993853'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/part-of-drawing-machine.html' title='part of drawing machine'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856770365858215</id><published>2006-05-25T07:34:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:35:03.660-07:00</updated><title type='text'>making perfect wood circle</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0013.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0013.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856770365858215?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856770365858215/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856770365858215' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856770365858215'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856770365858215'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/making-perfect-wood-circle.html' title='making perfect wood circle'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856766999609058</id><published>2006-05-25T07:34:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:34:29.996-07:00</updated><title type='text'>making gear</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0012.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0012.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856766999609058?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856766999609058/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856766999609058' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856766999609058'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856766999609058'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/making-gear_25.html' title='making gear'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856762621937712</id><published>2006-05-25T07:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:33:46.220-07:00</updated><title type='text'>anothe test for dripping power with funnel</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0011.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0011.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856762621937712?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856762621937712/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856762621937712' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856762621937712'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856762621937712'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/anothe-test-for-dripping-power-with.html' title='anothe test for dripping power with funnel'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856758881358393</id><published>2006-05-25T07:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:33:08.813-07:00</updated><title type='text'>when tempera power meets water</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0010.0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0010.0.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856758881358393?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856758881358393/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856758881358393' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856758881358393'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856758881358393'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/when-tempera-power-meets-water.html' title='when tempera power meets water'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856754109959300</id><published>2006-05-25T07:31:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:32:21.100-07:00</updated><title type='text'>making gear</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0008-1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0008-1.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856754109959300?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856754109959300/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856754109959300' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856754109959300'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856754109959300'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/making-gear.html' title='making gear'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114856750398251680</id><published>2006-05-25T07:31:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-25T07:31:43.996-07:00</updated><title type='text'>test for dripping powder</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/DSC_0002.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/DSC_0002.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114856750398251680?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114856750398251680/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114856750398251680' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856750398251680'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114856750398251680'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/test-for-dripping-powder.html' title='test for dripping powder'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114850210869987512</id><published>2006-05-24T13:21:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-24T13:21:48.720-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Matter becomes the matter of words, which creates structure, makes legible, interprets, against a ground of unreadable silence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;      We know of silence only what words can tell us. Whether you like&lt;br /&gt;      it or not, we ratify only the word. (F 45)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Edmond Jabes&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114850210869987512?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114850210869987512/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114850210869987512' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114850210869987512'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114850210869987512'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/matter-becomes-matter-of-words-which.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114850057224463668</id><published>2006-05-24T12:55:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-24T12:56:12.250-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Robert Ryman·essay by Anne Rorimer</title><content type='html'>Robert Ryman's lifelong inquiry into the notion of painting as a medium and a verb—that is, into paint as a viscous material that articulates its support—began as early as the mid-1950s. His principal concern over the decades has been with the presentation of a painted surface in relation to its underlying support. This ongoing investigation has yielded ever-new visual possibilities, however nuanced these may be. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Ryman's oeuvre the work's "image" results from the nature of the surface that arises when paint is applied to a canvas or any other material support in a particular manner. "What the painting is, is exactly what [people] see," he remarked in a relatively early interview.1 With greater emphasis on the "see" than on the "is" of his statement, Ryman later elaborated on his basic thesis:&lt;br /&gt;We have been trained to see painting as "pictures," with storytelling connotations, abstract or literal, in a space usually limited and enclosed by a frame which isolates the image. It has been shown that there are possibilities other than this manner of "seeing" painting. An image could be said to be "real" if it is not an optical reproduction, if it does not symbolize or describe so as to call up a mental picture. This "real" or "absolute" image is only confined by our limited perception.2&lt;br /&gt;Ryman's aesthetic practice is further illuminated by his observation in the late 1960s that "there is never a question of what to paint, but only how to paint. The how of painting has always been the image—the end product."3 For his part he has "wanted to make a painting getting the paint across"—meaning getting paint literally across the surface and, more idiomatically, getting it across as an idea.4 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Occupied from the outset with ways of letting paint engage with its surface, Ryman has continuously sought to activate the painted surface, often subtly, while simultaneously approaching the support as if it were the proscenium of a stage. Unlike Untitled (Orange Painting) (1955–59), which he considers his first mature painting, his works typically use white paint, because of its neutrality as a color, and more often than not they are square in format. The exclusion of other hues, and the equalizing of all sides of the support, minimize distraction from the paint as an area warranting the full attention of the viewer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Untitled (1959) is indicative of his overriding interest in imbuing paint with the power to act on its own behalf. Multidirectional, interwoven, overlapping brushwork and residual globules of paint signify the performance of paint itself, rather than suggesting some quality beyond its own physicality and its behavior in response to the brush. Moreover, the artist's painted signature, the vertically upended "R Ryman," intervenes in the overall activity of the paint. According to Ryman, the signature, "an accepted element of all painting," functions saliently here as a line meant to avert symbolism, and to prevent the painting from being mistaken as "trying to say something."5 Simultaneously a painted sign and an authorial one, the orange-toned signature is engulfed in the all-encompassing field of paint. Close in color to the orange-yellow tint of the work's raw cotton canvas, the signature-as-line-as-physical-paint mediates between the entirety of the painted field and the partially revealed cloth support beneath it. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The paints Ryman has used since the 1950s have varied immensely in viscosity and finish, whether glossy, semiglossy, matte, or dull.6 These many paint qualities, along with the multifarious methods with which Ryman handles them, interact with one another in concert with the material of the painting's support and in view of the painting's scale. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Both Vector (1975/97) and Varese Wall (1975) are large in scale, and both are painted on wood panels. The evenhanded approach to paint application in these works brings up a question: what differentiates the paint of the painting from the paint of the white wall behind it? The two works pose this question somewhat differently by virtue of their respective supports. Vector comprises eleven wood units of the same size, hung equidistant from one another; Varese Wall, on the other hand, appears as one extended surface, propped up from the floor on five small bluish blocks of foam. Measuring eight feet high and twenty-four feet long, the work is braced to stand just over a foot and a half from the wall.7 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The wall plays an active role in the experience and meaning of Ryman's works, whatever their size and no matter what the interaction between paint and support. "If you were to see any of my paintings off of the wall, they would not make any sense at all . . . unlike the usual painting where the image is confined within the space of the paint plane," the artist has pointed out.8 In Vector, the empty spaces between the painted panels echo the forms of the panels themselves. Ryman initially painted this work in vinyl acetate, a pigmented commercial glue, at the Kunsthalle Basel for his exhibition there in the summer of 1975. A couple of years later the eleven panels were separated into two artworks, one of five panels (Vector I) and one of six (Vector II), but they were reunited in 1979. In 1997, Ryman painted over the original, vertically brushed vinyl acetate with oil paint, leaving a new, horizontally brushed surface as impassive as the earlier one. In effect, the paint quality of Vector nearly matches that of the wall, from which, however, the panels may be distinguished in that their thin left sides are made of a clear pine wood and their right sides are of redwood. As the light plays on the work's painted surfaces, the panels seem to float ever so slightly away from the wall. In this way the work demonstrates how painted surface, wall, light quality, and overall spatial confines converge to form an image that simultaneously incorporates and contradicts the formerly blank space of a wall. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Varese Wall, like Vector, also exhibits the fine line between a painting and its background wall. Here, in fact, the painting—its title a reference to the walls leading to the villa of Count Panza di Buomo in Varese, Italy—is also a wall of sorts. This painting-cum-wall creates a dialectic with the wall of its given exhibition space, a wall that presumably is painted but is not in any sense a painting. With his introduction of metal fasteners that visibly hold his paintings to their walls, in 1976, Ryman overtly acknowledged the symbiosis between a painting and its supporting wall. Varese Wall furthermore remains ever freshly painted, as does any "real" exhibition wall, since the artist gives it another coat of vinyl acetate whenever it is installed anew. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vector and Varese Wall anticipate later works of Ryman's in that they verge on obliterating the distinction between the thematic aspect of painting and a painting as a physical object, but never quite do—in fact, this is a distinction they insist upon. These works fully express the idea that the relationship of paint to support, though born of material practicality, is ultimately grounded in the ideational capacity of painting to be about its own activity. Ryman's paintings detail different possibilities for the application of paint. For him, painting remains an ongoing reflection on itself, and in his work it becomes ever more mindful of its differentiation from, yet necessary, attachment to a wall. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Robert Ryman, quoted in Phyllis Tuchman, "An Interview with Robert Ryman," Artforum 9, no. 9 (May 1971), p. 53. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Ryman, in Wall Painting (Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1979), p. 16. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Ryman, in Art in Process, vol. 4 (New York: Finch College Museum of Art/Contemporary Wing, 1969–70), n.p. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Ryman, in Tuchman, "An Interview with Robert Ryman," p. 49. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Ryman, in Robert Storr, Robert Ryman (New York: The Museum of Modern Art, in association with the Tate Gallery, London, 1993), p. 70. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. For a full explication of Ryman's working methods and materials, see Robert Storr, "Simple Gifts," in ibid., pp. 9–45. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. I thank Amy Baker Sandback for unpublished information on these paintings from her forthcoming catalogue raisonné of Ryman's work. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Ryman, in Gary Garrels, "Interview with Robert Ryman," in Robert Ryman (New York: Dia Art Foundation, 1988), p. 13. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.diacenter.org/exhibs_b/ryman/essay.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114850057224463668?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114850057224463668/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114850057224463668' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114850057224463668'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114850057224463668'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/robert-rymanessay-by-anne-rorimer.html' title='Robert Ryman·essay by Anne Rorimer'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114850043148650065</id><published>2006-05-24T12:48:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-24T12:53:51.516-07:00</updated><title type='text'>DEGEM: Klangkunst in Deutschland (Sonic Arts in Germany)</title><content type='html'>CD-ROM, 2000, Wergo T 5150; available from Schott Music &amp; Media, GmbH, Weihergarten 5, 55116 Mainz, Germany; telephone (+49) 6131-246-883/888; fax (+49) 6131-246-252; World Wide Web www.schott-music.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reviewed by Oliver Schneller&lt;br /&gt;Paris, France&lt;br /&gt;Klangkunst in Deutschland (Sonic Arts in Germany) is the title of the first CD-ROM presented in both German and English by the German Society for Electroacoustic Music (DEGEM) in collaboration with the Aesthetic Strategies in Multimedia and Digital Networks project of the University of Lüneburg. The disc, issued on the Wergo label, contains portraits and work samples of seven "sound artists" currently living and working in Germany. As a special feature, DEGEM has included its International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music, a gigantic database (in FileMaker and Excel formats) containing a worldwide listing of studios for electronic music and a catalogue of 21,062(!) works written between 1901-1999 by over 4000 composers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Five individual artists, Werner Cee, Michael Harenberg, Robin Minard, Jutta Ravenna and Johannes S. Sistermanns, as well as the artist-tandem Sabine Schäfer/Joachim Krebs were invited to present themselves and their work with texts, pictures, audio samples, and spoken words. The CD-ROM seems a tremendous medium for the purpose of introducing artists who find themselves working in the zone between music and the visual arts with an emphasis on composed installations and interactive environments. After reading through the informatory texts at his/her own pace, the user has the possibility to get an impression of the spatial set-up of the often rather complex installations by viewing video-clips while listening to the actual acoustic responses. Pure audio files of a higher quality are provided for works where listening is the priority. Needless to say, both audio and video samples in their CD-ROM presentation convey merely an idea of the aura of the works presented. In reality, they may feature 32-channel spatialized sound or highly differentiated light choreography. One artist, Michael Harenberg, aware of this limitation, had the idea to create a new work especially for his contribution to the CD-ROM. His enjoyable "virtual interactive sound installation" PERSIMFANS transforms the graphic user interface into an interactive audio-visual experiential field which invites the user to freely browse through and interact with 15 virtual "rooms" appearing on the monitor. The sounds are also virtual in that they are based on physical modeling of flutes, percussion, and string instruments.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In spite of the fact that each of the contributors were given complete liberty to assemble their presentations according to their own wishes, the disc retains a graceful sense of unity with its engaging user surfaces. In addition, this release provides a vast source of information on the "state-of-Sonic-Arts," with links provided to individual Web sites as well as listings of publications and compact discs. On a technical note: the various plug-ins that are needed to fully activate the HTML- and Java-Script-based applications have been conveniently included on the CD-ROM by DEGEM.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The following provides a brief overview of the individual contributions. Werner Cee (b. 1953), a musical autodidact, fellow of the Akademie Schloß Solitude and Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie (ZKM) in Karlsruhe, and Bourges prize winner in 1993, presents his work in six categories: 1) Sound and Light installations (multi-media); 2) Acoustic Art (composition); 3) Soundscapes (installations); 4) Theater (mostly music theater projects for children); 5) Live-music (improvisations); 6) Ethnomusicological projects, mostly in collaboration with the writer Bettina Obrecht (specializing in music from the Scottish Highlands and Istanbul). His works in these categories range from more or less "traditional" installation set-ups such as microphone/loudspeaker feedback-signals transformed to create a self-generating piece, to the light installations lost (1992) in which a stroboscope is suspended from an elastic cable, to between the lines (1992), coordinating the diffraction of colored light through a mass of glass-splinters with sonic responses, to braindrops (1993), in which the frequency and electronic transformation of the sound of water droplets is controlled by bio-feedback via EEG-processing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A different aspect of Mr. Cee's work are his "acoustic films," mostly composed for radio production and filed under both of his categories, Acoustic Art (composition) and Soundscapes. While traveling the composer collected recordings of mostly urban environments and later mixed them to create an acoustic portrait. Such an "acoustic film" can then even be performed outdoors, as in the case of Open Air Soundscape (1998), a "piece for summer sunset" lasting over two hours to be performed in a familiar space that is then gradually (acoustically) contextualized and transformed into an Istanbul bazaar or a Cuban village via eight-channel sound diffusion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Returning to Michael Harenberg (b. 1961), one discovers already in his early works an emphasis on the use of computers. His activities have included collaborations with multimedia artists Clarence Barlow and Barbara Heller, shows at the Documenta in Kassel (1992) and participation in the aforementioned Aesthetic Strategies project at Lüneburg University. Following his early compositions for instrumental ensembles are works in which the sounds of real instruments have been replaced by an array of virtual instruments created by complex physical modeling algorithms. His works Stundenlang Nr.5 for a dancer, four instruments, and virtual flute, E-/L-/M-Medusa for virtual bass flute and computer (1999), and Doublebind (1998), an interactive sound installation for "low-tech" analog equipment and complex computer-controlled physical modeling, make extensive use of this synthesis technique. Inter-music (1996), for Speech Synthesizer, connects to the virtual space of the Internet by reciting all the URLs that were to be found in Mr. Harenberg's browser at the time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the accent of Mr. Harenberg's work lies in the creation of the artificial and virtual, the installations of Robin Minard (b.1953, Montreal) seem often to be based on finding links to the organic world through the use of technology. Works such as Silent Music (1995) or Landscape I (1997) consist of hundreds of mushroom-like little piezo loudspeakers that cover the floor or are mounted on walls. The organic analogy of these plant-like configurations that emit soft sounds of computer-controlled MIDI instruments is enhanced by their responsiveness to natural phenomena. In Weather Station (1995), light and climate sensors turn detected weather changes into MIDI control data, while Intermezzo (1999) is a fixture of hundreds of loudspeakers partially hidden among bushes, adding to the acoustic environment of the Federal Garden Show 1999 in Magdeburg, Germany.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The transformation of a given environment through sound is also the theme of Mr. Minard's Neptun (1996) commissioned by the Institute of Electronic Music (IEM) in Graz. Here, two small rooms of a castle in Graz are fortified with a layer of artificial walls behind which lies—invisibly—an 8 cm-thick "loudspeaker ribbon" which circumscribes the two rooms. Water-like, streaming sounds evenly pass through this diffusion field. The composer describes the "loudspeaker ribbon” as:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" A variation of the electrostatic principle sometimes found in high-fidelity loudspeaker systems. The ribbon diffuses sound uniformly across its entire surface. For the installation Neptun a special loudspeaker ribbon, made from a paper-thin amalgam of aluminum and Mylar plastic, was developed and produced together with Christoph Moldrzyk (Berlin)."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interaction with environments, in particular with hidden or even inaccessible ones, is also one important aspect of the work of Jutta Ravenna (b. 1960). Besides installations using floating sound-buoys to amplify the barely audible sounds of water-insects (LeiseLaute(Feld1), 1994), or the mixing of digital and real cricket-chirping in an abandoned factory hall (LeiseLaute(Feld2), 1994), she has found ways to make the inner world of computer circuit boards acoustically tangible. Through the use of impulse amplification and transposition these sounds become audible to the human ear. By creating sculptures of mounted racks with circuit-boards, often equipped with light- and pressure-sensors, Ms. Ravenna's aim is to "re-materialize and integrate this phenomenon [the circuit board] into the real world in which it is presented."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A particularly original manifestation of this idea is the series of Data-Sound-Windows (Fields 1 to 4) created in 1995. In Field 1, green windows of semi-transparent circuit boards contextualize the sacred space of a church. By placing the construction in front of the church windows the intricate patterns of the circuitry shine through in counterpoint to the usual paintings found on the windows. Field 1 is equipped with light sensors that trace light changes that are transformed into timbral changes in the accompanying soundscape of amplified printer, mouse-click, and ventilator sounds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By comparison, Cologne artist Johannes S. Sistermanns (b. 1955) stresses the "performance" aspect more than any of the other composers presented on the DEGEM CD-ROM. His work revolves around the idea of resonance in the widest possible sense: "The room becomes a resonance of what is out, the outside is the resonance of what is in."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Mr. Sistermann's works, "resonance" encompasses the acoustic response of a room or body as well as the resonance of a mind: "I just want to open up a field of infinite possibilities. I make an invitation." Resonance happens in the response of the listener: "Experience yourself as an observer whose body is being played".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To begin with, a practical example of this composer’s idea of resonance can be found in his frequent use of his multi-monochord, which is based on Pythagoras's instrument but which has 39 strings tuned to the same pitch. His Lichtung (1997) suspends three such instruments in the atrium of the SFB-Soundgallery in Berlin. Their excitation occurs via membrane-contact by transferring radio and television sounds onto the bodies of the monochords.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his “TV-under-water-performance," Water under Water (1997), the monochord at first resonates to the sounds of Mr. Sistermann's voice and is then struck by pebbles collected in his mouth during a dive in the Rhine river.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A broader idea of resonance comes to carry the pieces Paris, drinnen (1992) and Klangort (1992). The former is a radiophonic sound-project for interior spaces (passages, metro stations, malls, and private apartments) found in Paris. These spaces maintain contact with the outside world through various openings, windows, and doors. Mr. Sistermann found the particular resonance tone of each room and recorded himself humming it. The results of this process including additional noises recorded in and around these spaces were then played into a piano with the sustain pedal down and re-recorded with the added level of resonance. Klangort for 24 a cappella singers in 24 private apartment spaces with open windows presents a live application of a similar idea. All 24 singers chant the resonance tones of their rooms at the same time out of their open windows, thus giving a city block a magical acoustic ambience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most elaborate presentation of a single work on this CD-ROM is the project sonic lines n'rooms by Joachim Krebs and Sabine Schäfer, who have worked together as a team since 1995. A commission by the SüdWestRundfunk (SWR), the piece was presented at the Donaueschinger Musiktage in October 1999 in the basement of the old library building, the Hofbibliothek. The 32-channel spatial sound composition spreads out through four connected rooms, which together become a "traversable four-limbed spatial sound body." Each of the four rooms contain eight loudspeakers set up in different configurations—diagonal, elliptical, and trapezoidal—each with their own diffusion patterns of varying sound sources. The CD-ROM features detailed plans of the set-up (so-called "consistency-maps") as well as the spatial trajectories of the source sounds and their transformations, along with photos, video clips, and audio samples.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The objective of the installation was to intensify the experience of acoustic conditions through the artistic-poetic manipulation of architectural space. The sounds themselves fluctuate between low continuous drones and rhythmic and discrete artificial or processed animal utterances. Controlling this elaborate sound-space composition is the Topoph40D, a spatialization system developed for Sabine Schäfer by Sukandar Kartadinata during the early 1990s. Three computers share the control of this system together with a special mixing board built to fit this configuration. Computer A receives the itineraries of the desired spatial motions as MIDI data from a sequencer, transforms them into system-exclusive control data that is relayed to computers B and C which then translate the data into the format used by the mixer which in turn passes out the discrete signals to the speakers by means of voltage controlled amplification (VCA).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other projects involving elaborate spatialization are Sabine Schäfer's TopophonicPlateaus (1995), for 27-channel sound, electroacoustic sounds, human voices, and computer-controlled piano, SonicRooms (from 1997), a group of sound-tents with individual multi-channel spatialization, and Joachim Krebs's AquaAngelusVox (1998), a 16-channel sound installation with visual projections premiered in the Zeiss-planetarium in Berlin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Be it through the statements of the artists, through the audio or video samples of their works, or through score excerpts and diagrams, this CD-ROM presents a wealth of stimulation and ideas around the context of "Sonic Art," "Audio/Visual Art,” "Sound ART," and “SOUND Art," or whatever definition one chooses to settle with. In spite of the practical necessity to be selective, the expectation raised by the title to present an overview of "Sonic Arts in Germany" is not disappointed, and one leaves one's screen with an inspired air and the hope that listening/seeing/perceiving will continue to be challenged through the creation of art.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://mitpress2.mit.edu/e-journals/Computer-Music-Journal/reviews/26-1/schneller-germanycdr.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114850043148650065?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114850043148650065/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114850043148650065' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114850043148650065'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114850043148650065'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/degem-klangkunst-in-deutschland-sonic_24.html' title='DEGEM: Klangkunst in Deutschland (Sonic Arts in Germany)'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114850014602391734</id><published>2006-05-24T12:48:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-24T12:49:06.216-07:00</updated><title type='text'>DEGEM: Klangkunst in Deutschland (Sonic Arts in Germany)</title><content type='html'>CD-ROM, 2000, Wergo T 5150; available from Schott Music &amp; Media, GmbH, Weihergarten 5, 55116 Mainz, Germany; telephone (+49) 6131-246-883/888; fax (+49) 6131-246-252; World Wide Web www.schott-music.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reviewed by Oliver Schneller&lt;br /&gt;Paris, France&lt;br /&gt;Klangkunst in Deutschland (Sonic Arts in Germany) is the title of the first CD-ROM presented in both German and English by the German Society for Electroacoustic Music (DEGEM) in collaboration with the Aesthetic Strategies in Multimedia and Digital Networks project of the University of Lüneburg. The disc, issued on the Wergo label, contains portraits and work samples of seven "sound artists" currently living and working in Germany. As a special feature, DEGEM has included its International Documentation of Electroacoustic Music, a gigantic database (in FileMaker and Excel formats) containing a worldwide listing of studios for electronic music and a catalogue of 21,062(!) works written between 1901-1999 by over 4000 composers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Five individual artists, Werner Cee, Michael Harenberg, Robin Minard, Jutta Ravenna and Johannes S. Sistermanns, as well as the artist-tandem Sabine Schäfer/Joachim Krebs were invited to present themselves and their work with texts, pictures, audio samples, and spoken words. The CD-ROM seems a tremendous medium for the purpose of introducing artists who find themselves working in the zone between music and the visual arts with an emphasis on composed installations and interactive environments. After reading through the informatory texts at his/her own pace, the user has the possibility to get an impression of the spatial set-up of the often rather complex installations by viewing video-clips while listening to the actual acoustic responses. Pure audio files of a higher quality are provided for works where listening is the priority. Needless to say, both audio and video samples in their CD-ROM presentation convey merely an idea of the aura of the works presented. In reality, they may feature 32-channel spatialized sound or highly differentiated light choreography. One artist, Michael Harenberg, aware of this limitation, had the idea to create a new work especially for his contribution to the CD-ROM. His enjoyable "virtual interactive sound installation" PERSIMFANS transforms the graphic user interface into an interactive audio-visual experiential field which invites the user to freely browse through and interact with 15 virtual "rooms" appearing on the monitor. The sounds are also virtual in that they are based on physical modeling of flutes, percussion, and string instruments.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In spite of the fact that each of the contributors were given complete liberty to assemble their presentations according to their own wishes, the disc retains a graceful sense of unity with its engaging user surfaces. In addition, this release provides a vast source of information on the "state-of-Sonic-Arts," with links provided to individual Web sites as well as listings of publications and compact discs. On a technical note: the various plug-ins that are needed to fully activate the HTML- and Java-Script-based applications have been conveniently included on the CD-ROM by DEGEM.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The following provides a brief overview of the individual contributions. Werner Cee (b. 1953), a musical autodidact, fellow of the Akademie Schloß Solitude and Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie (ZKM) in Karlsruhe, and Bourges prize winner in 1993, presents his work in six categories: 1) Sound and Light installations (multi-media); 2) Acoustic Art (composition); 3) Soundscapes (installations); 4) Theater (mostly music theater projects for children); 5) Live-music (improvisations); 6) Ethnomusicological projects, mostly in collaboration with the writer Bettina Obrecht (specializing in music from the Scottish Highlands and Istanbul). His works in these categories range from more or less "traditional" installation set-ups such as microphone/loudspeaker feedback-signals transformed to create a self-generating piece, to the light installations lost (1992) in which a stroboscope is suspended from an elastic cable, to between the lines (1992), coordinating the diffraction of colored light through a mass of glass-splinters with sonic responses, to braindrops (1993), in which the frequency and electronic transformation of the sound of water droplets is controlled by bio-feedback via EEG-processing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A different aspect of Mr. Cee's work are his "acoustic films," mostly composed for radio production and filed under both of his categories, Acoustic Art (composition) and Soundscapes. While traveling the composer collected recordings of mostly urban environments and later mixed them to create an acoustic portrait. Such an "acoustic film" can then even be performed outdoors, as in the case of Open Air Soundscape (1998), a "piece for summer sunset" lasting over two hours to be performed in a familiar space that is then gradually (acoustically) contextualized and transformed into an Istanbul bazaar or a Cuban village via eight-channel sound diffusion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Returning to Michael Harenberg (b. 1961), one discovers already in his early works an emphasis on the use of computers. His activities have included collaborations with multimedia artists Clarence Barlow and Barbara Heller, shows at the Documenta in Kassel (1992) and participation in the aforementioned Aesthetic Strategies project at Lüneburg University. Following his early compositions for instrumental ensembles are works in which the sounds of real instruments have been replaced by an array of virtual instruments created by complex physical modeling algorithms. His works Stundenlang Nr.5 for a dancer, four instruments, and virtual flute, E-/L-/M-Medusa for virtual bass flute and computer (1999), and Doublebind (1998), an interactive sound installation for "low-tech" analog equipment and complex computer-controlled physical modeling, make extensive use of this synthesis technique. Inter-music (1996), for Speech Synthesizer, connects to the virtual space of the Internet by reciting all the URLs that were to be found in Mr. Harenberg's browser at the time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the accent of Mr. Harenberg's work lies in the creation of the artificial and virtual, the installations of Robin Minard (b.1953, Montreal) seem often to be based on finding links to the organic world through the use of technology. Works such as Silent Music (1995) or Landscape I (1997) consist of hundreds of mushroom-like little piezo loudspeakers that cover the floor or are mounted on walls. The organic analogy of these plant-like configurations that emit soft sounds of computer-controlled MIDI instruments is enhanced by their responsiveness to natural phenomena. In Weather Station (1995), light and climate sensors turn detected weather changes into MIDI control data, while Intermezzo (1999) is a fixture of hundreds of loudspeakers partially hidden among bushes, adding to the acoustic environment of the Federal Garden Show 1999 in Magdeburg, Germany.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The transformation of a given environment through sound is also the theme of Mr. Minard's Neptun (1996) commissioned by the Institute of Electronic Music (IEM) in Graz. Here, two small rooms of a castle in Graz are fortified with a layer of artificial walls behind which lies—invisibly—an 8 cm-thick "loudspeaker ribbon" which circumscribes the two rooms. Water-like, streaming sounds evenly pass through this diffusion field. The composer describes the "loudspeaker ribbon” as:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;" A variation of the electrostatic principle sometimes found in high-fidelity loudspeaker systems. The ribbon diffuses sound uniformly across its entire surface. For the installation Neptun a special loudspeaker ribbon, made from a paper-thin amalgam of aluminum and Mylar plastic, was developed and produced together with Christoph Moldrzyk (Berlin)."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Interaction with environments, in particular with hidden or even inaccessible ones, is also one important aspect of the work of Jutta Ravenna (b. 1960). Besides installations using floating sound-buoys to amplify the barely audible sounds of water-insects (LeiseLaute(Feld1), 1994), or the mixing of digital and real cricket-chirping in an abandoned factory hall (LeiseLaute(Feld2), 1994), she has found ways to make the inner world of computer circuit boards acoustically tangible. Through the use of impulse amplification and transposition these sounds become audible to the human ear. By creating sculptures of mounted racks with circuit-boards, often equipped with light- and pressure-sensors, Ms. Ravenna's aim is to "re-materialize and integrate this phenomenon [the circuit board] into the real world in which it is presented."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A particularly original manifestation of this idea is the series of Data-Sound-Windows (Fields 1 to 4) created in 1995. In Field 1, green windows of semi-transparent circuit boards contextualize the sacred space of a church. By placing the construction in front of the church windows the intricate patterns of the circuitry shine through in counterpoint to the usual paintings found on the windows. Field 1 is equipped with light sensors that trace light changes that are transformed into timbral changes in the accompanying soundscape of amplified printer, mouse-click, and ventilator sounds.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By comparison, Cologne artist Johannes S. Sistermanns (b. 1955) stresses the "performance" aspect more than any of the other composers presented on the DEGEM CD-ROM. His work revolves around the idea of resonance in the widest possible sense: "The room becomes a resonance of what is out, the outside is the resonance of what is in."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Mr. Sistermann's works, "resonance" encompasses the acoustic response of a room or body as well as the resonance of a mind: "I just want to open up a field of infinite possibilities. I make an invitation." Resonance happens in the response of the listener: "Experience yourself as an observer whose body is being played".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To begin with, a practical example of this composer’s idea of resonance can be found in his frequent use of his multi-monochord, which is based on Pythagoras's instrument but which has 39 strings tuned to the same pitch. His Lichtung (1997) suspends three such instruments in the atrium of the SFB-Soundgallery in Berlin. Their excitation occurs via membrane-contact by transferring radio and television sounds onto the bodies of the monochords.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his “TV-under-water-performance," Water under Water (1997), the monochord at first resonates to the sounds of Mr. Sistermann's voice and is then struck by pebbles collected in his mouth during a dive in the Rhine river.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A broader idea of resonance comes to carry the pieces Paris, drinnen (1992) and Klangort (1992). The former is a radiophonic sound-project for interior spaces (passages, metro stations, malls, and private apartments) found in Paris. These spaces maintain contact with the outside world through various openings, windows, and doors. Mr. Sistermann found the particular resonance tone of each room and recorded himself humming it. The results of this process including additional noises recorded in and around these spaces were then played into a piano with the sustain pedal down and re-recorded with the added level of resonance. Klangort for 24 a cappella singers in 24 private apartment spaces with open windows presents a live application of a similar idea. All 24 singers chant the resonance tones of their rooms at the same time out of their open windows, thus giving a city block a magical acoustic ambience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most elaborate presentation of a single work on this CD-ROM is the project sonic lines n'rooms by Joachim Krebs and Sabine Schäfer, who have worked together as a team since 1995. A commission by the SüdWestRundfunk (SWR), the piece was presented at the Donaueschinger Musiktage in October 1999 in the basement of the old library building, the Hofbibliothek. The 32-channel spatial sound composition spreads out through four connected rooms, which together become a "traversable four-limbed spatial sound body." Each of the four rooms contain eight loudspeakers set up in different configurations—diagonal, elliptical, and trapezoidal—each with their own diffusion patterns of varying sound sources. The CD-ROM features detailed plans of the set-up (so-called "consistency-maps") as well as the spatial trajectories of the source sounds and their transformations, along with photos, video clips, and audio samples.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The objective of the installation was to intensify the experience of acoustic conditions through the artistic-poetic manipulation of architectural space. The sounds themselves fluctuate between low continuous drones and rhythmic and discrete artificial or processed animal utterances. Controlling this elaborate sound-space composition is the Topoph40D, a spatialization system developed for Sabine Schäfer by Sukandar Kartadinata during the early 1990s. Three computers share the control of this system together with a special mixing board built to fit this configuration. Computer A receives the itineraries of the desired spatial motions as MIDI data from a sequencer, transforms them into system-exclusive control data that is relayed to computers B and C which then translate the data into the format used by the mixer which in turn passes out the discrete signals to the speakers by means of voltage controlled amplification (VCA).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other projects involving elaborate spatialization are Sabine Schäfer's TopophonicPlateaus (1995), for 27-channel sound, electroacoustic sounds, human voices, and computer-controlled piano, SonicRooms (from 1997), a group of sound-tents with individual multi-channel spatialization, and Joachim Krebs's AquaAngelusVox (1998), a 16-channel sound installation with visual projections premiered in the Zeiss-planetarium in Berlin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Be it through the statements of the artists, through the audio or video samples of their works, or through score excerpts and diagrams, this CD-ROM presents a wealth of stimulation and ideas around the context of "Sonic Art," "Audio/Visual Art,” "Sound ART," and “SOUND Art," or whatever definition one chooses to settle with. In spite of the practical necessity to be selective, the expectation raised by the title to present an overview of "Sonic Arts in Germany" is not disappointed, and one leaves one's screen with an inspired air and the hope that listening/seeing/perceiving will continue to be challenged through the creation of art.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://mitpress2.mit.edu/e-journals/Computer-Music-Journal/reviews/26-1/schneller-germanycdr.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114850014602391734?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114850014602391734/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114850014602391734' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114850014602391734'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114850014602391734'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/degem-klangkunst-in-deutschland-sonic.html' title='DEGEM: Klangkunst in Deutschland (Sonic Arts in Germany)'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114849767810572311</id><published>2006-05-24T12:07:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-24T12:07:58.106-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Robert Ryman·reduction and emotion</title><content type='html'>A white monochrome is often assumed to belong to a tendency in modernism that, through a process of elimination, strives to reveal the essential characteristics of a medium in order to arrive at a notion of that mediumËs "pure form;" or it is thought to represent what remains after painting has refined itself almost to the point of nonexistence, becoming the embodiment of an idea about art. In his work, Robert Ryman pursues neither purity nor minimal paintingËs logical extreme. Rather, he reduces visual information and reference in order to isolate and examine the fundamental physical attributes of painting. In the process, he foregrounds, and makes pictorial, elements not usually considered intrinsic to the visual experience of art: the artistËs signature, the workËs title, its support, its hanging devices, even its interaction with the space around it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ryman limits his palette to white because it is recessive enough to allow paintingËs other physical properties a voice and it makes his exploration of paint and paint handling more evident than darker, brighter colors or multi-hued compositions would. He also uses white to examine the very nature of color. Usually equated with the blank canvas and read as absence, in RymanËs hands white is endlessly varied and very much present. It is smooth and slick; soft and subtle; dry and chalky; cool like cream cheese or warm like heavy cream. In works from the late fifties and early sixties, colorful underpainting and printed matter are visible beneath the surfaces. Later, supports made of different metals or fiberglass and hanging devices in plastic, metal, tape, or wood lend subtle color to the paintings. At different points, RymanËs signature appears in ocher paint or graphite. The large Surface veils of 1970“71 have blue chalk borders. In fact, the percentage of true monochromes in RymanËs oeuvre is not great. Most of his works are "almost monochromes."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1971, one review identified Ryman as "the last functional member of the third generation of Abstract Expressionism"1 while another claimed that his works seemed "to make more sense of the idea of [seriality] than almost anyone elseËs do."2 These appraisals situate RymanËs project between two generations of U.S. artists. First and foremost, he is a painter who owes a debt to the New York school. However, he is also a member of the generation of conceptualists and postminimalists with which he emerged. Like them, he creates within the limitations of a specific, preestablished set of guidelines that emphasizes the process of art-making, often using the strategies of modularity and repetition.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ryman is unique in reconciling a profound commitment to painting with systemic procedures commonly associated with minimal and conceptual art. Always analytical, by his own admission, he is also romantic and, in this, he aligns himself with Mark Rothko: "RothkoËs work might have a similarity with mine in the sense they may both be kind of romantic [. . .] I mean in the sense that Rothko is not a mathematician, his work has very much to do with feeling, with sensitivity."3 As with RothkoËs pared-down canvases, meaning lies in the sheer beauty of RymanËs deeply sensual white paintings. They are simultaneously emotive and reductive.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Willis Domingo, "Robert Ryman," Arts magazine (March 1971), p.17. Quoted in Lynn Zelevansky, "Chronology," Robert Ryman,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;London: Tate Gallery, 1993, p.217“18.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Kenneth Baker, "Ryman at Fischbach," Artforum (April 1971), p.79. Quote from Zelevansky, p.218.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Quoted in Robert Storr, "Simple gifts," Robert Ryman, London: Tate Gallery, 1993, p.39.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www1.uol.com.br/bienal/24bienal/nuh/inuhmonryma02a.htm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114849767810572311?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114849767810572311/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114849767810572311' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114849767810572311'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114849767810572311'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/robert-rymanreduction-and-emotion.html' title='Robert Ryman·reduction and emotion'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114849751874824083</id><published>2006-05-24T12:04:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-24T12:05:18.756-07:00</updated><title type='text'>In Touch with Vision</title><content type='html'>In Touch with Vision&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;John Haber&lt;br /&gt;in New York City&lt;br /&gt;Gallery-Going, Winter 2005:&lt;br /&gt;Richard Tsao, Petah Coyne, and Robert Ryman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Actually, my own hope is that a less qualified acceptance of the importance of sheerly abstract or formal factors in pictorial art will open the way to a clearer understand of the value of illustration as such—a value which I, too, am convinced is indisputable.&lt;br /&gt;    — Clement Greenberg&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tired of theories of abstract art? You know, all that critical agonizing over formalism and mere illusion, the linear and the painterly, or the death of Modernism and the death of irony. Let me offer yet one more suitably magisterial opposition—between the visionary and the sensual, the transcendental and the tactile, space and earth, or maybe just geometry and goo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seeing in the material world&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try the game for yourself. It may not prove anything, but it can be fun. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Surely the immaterial includes Abstract Expressionism, with all that talk of pure painting, an arena for action, and "the sublime is now." So what if I must set aside Mark Rothko's love of Giotto and his belief in pictorial space as akin to Renaissance architecture? It might include, too, the open fields of color—or, at times, the very absence of color—in Hilla Rebay, Agnes Martin, Joe Baer, and Ellsworth Kelly. Never mind the association of geometric abstraction with painting as object. It surely has to include Op Arts like Julian Stanczak, even if you feel the dizziness in your stomach before it reaches your eyes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As for the stuff that gets on your hands, try another token of Abstract Expressionism, the drip painting. Try earthworks, Ana Mendieta's bodily fluids, and Lee Bontecou's metal teeth and soot. Compare the elaborate supports for plain white from Robert Ryman on through James Hyde and Leonardo Drew. Take in the imaginary oceans of Pat Steir, Vija Celmins, and later Joseph Stashkevetch or, with Kelley Walker, actual chocolate syrup.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what if each artist creates memorable illusions? So what if they have elicited enough conceptual arguments to choke a thesis advisor? Even Peter Halley, the arch theorist of geometry as Michel Foucault's prison cells, gave abstraction the rubbery bumps of Rolotex.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I say all that because painting survives on variety and contradiction, beyond the familiar passions over soft brushes and hard edges. I say it because, at least since Cubism, contradictions like these change one's understanding of art and perception. They make illusion a matter not just of art-school technique or the psychology of vision, but of living in the material world. In turn, they make the very physical being of art part of the active imagination. Cubism reduced space and sensation not to planes or cubes, but to a greater variety of cues for the imagination, from textures to song titles—the deliberate incongruity, challenging the coherence of any imaginative vision, that Foucault called a heterotopia. By habits of belief, one may think of vision as immaterial, something apart from how people first find their way around the world, but, in art as in life, that may be as much an idealization as single-point perspective.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I say it, too, because few shows have had me feeling vision in my gut like the latest from Richard Tsao and Petah Coyne. Tsao makes pigment into a layer that outstrips its canvas support but picks up light from deep within. Coyne starts with the stickiness of earth and tar, but with an imagery as thick as a Victorian novel. If all that sounds too strange, imagine first what happens when Ryman himself reintroduces brushwork, colored paint, and bare canvas. It shows how many of the same contradictions have been lurking all along in some of art's apparently quietest visions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Less than white&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Robert Ryman's evolution is so intimately tied up with the acme of formalism that the evident brushwork of a previous show could easily have seemed a mistake. Perhaps, one was tempted to think, he was trying too hard. Perhaps older artists safely entering the pantheon feel they just have to have broader strokes, more open spaces, and cleaner, brighter colors, like a late modern version of Rembrandt's blur. Think of like Willem de Kooning in his sometimes exhausted, sometimes rapturous 1980s. Perhaps next time Chuck Close, who already over the years has adopted first overt gesture and now daguerreotypes, will continue his march backward through the centuries and start pouncing his traces into fresco.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ryman's latest show grows still more gestural, but also murkier. It adds literal color to his trademark white paint, bare metal bolts, and white walls. The strokes assume a character of their own, but one focuses on the areas of color and bare canvas more than on the artist's air of control. One sees painting again, apart from its hanging. And once again, as so often in Ryman's career, one has to question what it means to speak of white on white.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ryman's monochrome sounds austere without even the spiritual comforts of asceticism. He shuns the existential drama of large scale, intense color, or for that matter black on black, as in Ad Reinhardt or late Rothko. Besides, both Reinhardt and Rothko cared deeply shades of gray, with black itself an illusion waiting to give way to experience. Ryman relishes how much he can do with one can of paint, a surface and its supports, the sheetrock walls behind them, and the industrial associations of all these. Like Minimalism, his art does not simply announce its integrity in the present. Rather, it arises from chance encounters—in the gallery with the viewer, during its installation before that, or earlier still, during its making.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With Kelly, for one, that can mean work that mimics the fall of color and shadow onto wood and canvas. Ryman's sense of the art object can appear more minimal or funkier. Either way, however, it allows a more down-to-earth appreciation. One may have fewer illusions, but one still has the actual apparitions within the work. Call it Pomo's concentration on the gallery as institution, but without the critical displeasure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ryman took up white just before 1960, with rather sloppy strokes, sometimes signing the work in white for good measure. Before long he was covering the panel and effacing individual strokes—but hardly hiding them. The wall brackets became part of the game, literally without a screw loose, as obvious in the mini-retrospective of his room at Dia:Beacon. Color appeared, but because it arose from the encounter of material objects with gallery light and cast shadow. The artist hardly needed a color chart to know that there is no such thing as simply white and that a great colorist need not even attempt to control his colors. Who needs nuance when one can have all that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Does his dabbling with brushwork and color now mark a retreat, a career run out of its own logic? Perhaps his art has come to reflect on its own shadows. Perhaps Ryman has merely dispersed them into yet another chance encounter still to come. Or perhaps he has obliterated the boundaries between the visual and the material so thoroughly as to find a space empty even of white. And now at least two younger artists are ready to fill it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Moon river&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For one extended moment, Richard Tsao took me completely into the space of vision. His modest canvases leave ample space for an exhibition's white walls. A still more intense white surrounds each work. That glow comes from using the gallery fixtures as broad spotlights, but it seems to arise from the work itself. If Ryman enables white paint to cast colored shadows, Tsao uses concentrated color to fill a room with points of light.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eventually, I had to break that moment and get closer, if only to see how he does it. The water-based medium contains fabric pigment and marble dust. He could tell you what else, but he would have to kill you first. The highly reflective components give even pale tones the depth of pure primary colors. As he pours paint, without a brush, the colors may blend, bleed into one another, or add to each other's intensity. Sometimes the cracks take on the fine detail of deliberate drawing. As with Morris Louis's darker poured paintings, the components visible along the sides come as a surprise and serve as part of the image, too.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They also call attention to its material support, and up close one perceives the paint as a series of thin layers on equal footing with canvas. The ground media give the layers considerable strength, even when they stick out irregularly from the edges. Occasionally Tsao peels off a chip as it dries and transplants it elsewhere. Like much of the color, those thin patches may make one think of flower petals as much as marble chips, and that labor over a painting's ground may have something in common with tending soil. The catalog essay, by Benjamin Genocchio, suggests a connection to the flower markets of the artist's childhood in Thailand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The rough edges also make the canvases appear like fragments torn from something more continuous. The images, too, evoke a larger scale in space and time. They may recall river beds and lunar or planetary surfaces, and Tsao is fond of titles like Flood and Sci-Fi. No question such associations make poured paint comfortingly familiar, attractive, and self-referential. Color-field painting has a history, after all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, the associations have something else in common, too, however. They all exist in a space neither fully organic nor inorganic, like abstraction finding its way between the human image and material object. They suggest not just poured media and flowing color, but the marks of processes long past. They allow one again to see paint as both itself and trace, substance and image.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They help keep the work from coming off as a little too pretty, a little too neat, or a little too close to camp, like paintings of artificial flowers or retreads of Jules Olitski crossed with Ross Bleckner. I take comfort in knowing that work in progress normally lies heavily all over Tsao's Brooklyn studio rather than on white walls, and he has had to negotiate with his landlord to keep the liquids from turning the place into another uninhabited world. I imagine it as yet a greater mutual saturation of the tactile and visual.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dress rehearsal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Petah Coyne, too, believes in getting her hands dirty, and she makes me feel that I may never shake the dirt from my skin as well. She drew attention in the late 1980s for constructions of soil held together by goodness knows what, but definitely not by goodness. They look earthy, rough, dense, rich, and strange. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps they look at times a little too rich. I often forget to look beyond their palpability and estheticism. They avoid formalism on one side or obvious representation on the other. They sit comfortably in a gallery, where earthworks would spill over its edges or simple statuary would declare a public place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They do, however, implicate art and artist alike in that rough interior space, with a notion of femininity as unsettling as Bontecou's soot and ashes. Soil may suggest nurturing, like the space of Tsao's imagined flowers. It may suggest humility in the face of forces beyond one's control, like that of Candide cultivating his garden. This soil, however, has no space for penetration or time for rest. Besides, it gets in the way of good housekeeping. It would leave dark stains on a wedding dress.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the last decade, Coyne has in fact let those stains appear, and the work has become that much more interesting in the process. It is still earthy, dense, rough, and strange, but it spills over the sculptural, and it cherishes associations. Some works resemble dresses, veils, or female busts, hardened in pitch black or pure white.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Coyne has not transcended color but imperfectly effaced it. Up close, a torso spreads into birds. Seedpods morph into tresses of hair. Roses and lace vie with their covering of with paint and tar. They make feminine imagery more explicit than in her earlier work, but with a terrifying melancholy. At her gallery, one could be the witness to a broken wedding, an altar left without a bride.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At SculptureCenter, a small selection from throughout her career has the main floor—appropriately enough, above the crawl spaces of the crenellated basement used for group shows. Coyne's blackened roses rise from Maya Lin's converted factory floor. Earth clings to the walls and, as the retrospective's title has it, "Above and Beneath the Skin." The lace and birds hang from the high, half-open industrial ceiling, on long cords that blend into the suspended surfaces, images, masses, and materials. I thought of Miss Havisham in Great Expectations, always in her wedding dress, floating once more in the dark, empty rafters of Pip's imagination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.haberarts.com/geogoo.htm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114849751874824083?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114849751874824083/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114849751874824083' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114849751874824083'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114849751874824083'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/in-touch-with-vision.html' title='In Touch with Vision'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114849740934838868</id><published>2006-05-24T12:02:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-24T12:03:29.363-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Robert Ryman: New Paintings</title><content type='html'>Art Review — NewYorkArtWorld ® &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;White is the color of death in Japan. Maybe other places too. In most parts of the world, though, it is the color of birth, life, regeneration, etc. Whatever else, white is foremost (not human skin color, because there are no white people--or black, red, or yellow); it transcends other colors, all of which signify something more specific. White is more universal, and black is too; both also signify nothing, blankness. There is no neutrality in any of this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Robert Ryman doesn't start with white, but it is the field in which he finally works. And, in fact, it's not necessarily pure white, but maybe a little off, and certainly affected by the colors under it and the shadows cast by raised brushstrokes. In that sense Ryman's use is opposite of traditional method, which would have white as a primer or an undercoat that brings light to the colors on top of it. In Ryman, illumination supercedes darkness.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The paintings are literally paintings--paint applied to surfaces. There are no images, as in Jasper Johns, whose work they most resemble in their considered brushwork. Nor are there implied universes of space, as in Rothko or Newman, or manipulations of the framing, as in Frank Stella. In other words, no illusions, or allusions, or at least the illusion of no illusions. Any one of these rectangles is simply a painting, as a tree, for instance, is simply a tree. Its substance is a stretch of fabric, darker (linen) or lighter (canvas), made dependably of tightly woven vertical and horizontal threads. In all the paintings the fabric is left bare, unpainted, around the outer edges, so there is no doubt about its presence, its existential importance. Then first is put down an underlying darker layer of paint--green, yellow, red, salmon, black, light green, mustard, wine--then on top of that a layer of white. Always the darker layer shows, around the edges and/or in glimpses through the white.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is a kind of exquisite responsibility involved, because the fabric is like a microcosmic substructure, an almost infinitesimal grid on which the brushstrokes play out, something like notes on a staff of music, or rather like music itself. The white is not covering the darker color, which in turn is not covering the fabric. Rather, each grows out of the other, plays with the other, like jazz, or music in general. Looking at a surface, one becomes totally immersed in its composition, its interplay of gestures, improvisations that ultimately come from the grid, emerging through the darker layer to the white. The gestures are the flowering of the grid, in as many ways as the hand moves to the mind and the emotions, and the motor responses of human experience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What matters is that everything takes place up close, within the immeasurable thickness of the painting itself, where the painter is. The whole settles within the vision from a distance, but ultimately it is not the ethereality of the paintings that is impressive. It is their physicality, their insistence on being. Each is named with a single word, usually as a noun, occasionally and interestingly as a verb that might be taken as a noun. They are to be explored, and to be accepted in their totality and imperfections, like a tree.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The paintings, all from 2001 and 2002, were exhibited from October 11 through November 9, 2002, at PaceWildenstein, 534 West 25th Street, New York, NY 10001. Phone 212 421 3292. Fax 212 421 0835. pacewildenstein.com.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.newyorkartworld.com/reviews/ryman.html&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114849740934838868?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114849740934838868/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114849740934838868' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114849740934838868'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114849740934838868'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/robert-ryman-new-paintings.html' title='Robert Ryman: New Paintings'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114772855812693970</id><published>2006-05-15T14:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-15T14:29:18.143-07:00</updated><title type='text'>enso</title><content type='html'>The enso, a simple circle drawn with a single, broad brushstroke, is the zen symbol of infinity. It represents the infinite void, the 'no-thing,' the perfect meditative state, and Satori (enlightenment.)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;http://altreligion.about.com/library/glossary/symbols/bldefsenso.htm&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The enso is one of the deepest symbols in Japanese zen: a symbolic representation of enlightenment, encompassing the universe in an endless, cyclical line. For the practitioner, the act of creating each single circle is a visual ko-an in which the state of that moment is revealed.  As a daily practice, drawing Zen circles can act as a spiritual diary.  No deception is possible in painting an enso, for the character of the artist is fully exposed in its nakedness.  The more one contemplates it, the more profound its simplicity becomes...&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;http://wwwnew.towson.edu/theatremfa/artists/ensopage.html&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The Zen symbol "supreme" is an enso, a circle of enlightenment. The Shinjinmei, written in the sixth century, refers to the Great Way of Zen as "A circle like vast space, lacking nothing, and nothing in excess," and this statement is often used as an inscription on enso paintings. The earliest reference to a written enso, the first Zen painting, occurs in the Keitokudento-roku, composed in the eighth century:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A monk asked Master Isan for a gatha expressing enlightenment. Isan refused saying, "It is right in front of your face, why should I express it in brush and ink?"&lt;br /&gt;The monk then asked Kyozan, another master, for something concrete. Kyozan drew a circle on a piece of paper, and said, "Thinking about this is and then understanding it is second best; not thinking about it and understanding it is third best." (He did not say what is first best.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thereafter Zen circles became a central theme of Zen art. Enso range in shape from perfectly symmetrical to completely lopsided and in brushstroke (sometimes two brushstrokes) from thin and delicate to thick and massive. Most paintings have an accompanying inscription that gives the viewer a "hint" regarding the ultimate meaning of a particular Zen circle. The primary types of enso are: (1) Mirror enso: a simple circle, free of an accompanying inscription, leaving everything to the insight of the viewer. (2) Universe enso: a circle that represents the cosmos (modern physics also postulates curved space). (3) Moon enso: the full moon, clear and bright, silently illuminating all beings without discrimination, symbolizes Buddhist enlightenment. (4) Zero enso: in addition to being curved, time and space are "empty," yet they give birth to the fullness of existence. (5) Wheel enso: everything is subject to change, all life revolves in circles. (6)Sweet cake enso: Zen circles are profound but they are not abstract, and when enlightenment and the acts of daily life-"sipping tea and eating rice cakes"-are one, there is true Buddhism. (7) "What is this?" enso: the most frequently used inscription on Zen circle paintings, this is a pithy way of saying, "Don't let others fill your head with theories about Zen; discover the meaning for yourself!"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://zenart.shambhala.com/browse-gallery.htm?selectedBrowseKey=2488&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The Enso (Japanese for 'circle') is a Zen symbol of the absolute, the true nature of existence and enlightenment. It is a symbol that combines the visible and the hidden, the simple and the profound, the empty and the full. As an expression of infinity, it has links to the western lemniscate, and may be painted so that there is a slight opening somewhere in the circle, showing that the Enso is not contained in itself, but that it opens out to infinity. In Zen art, the space on the page is at least as important as the brushstrokes themselves. It is no coincidence that the feeling of satori, a state of spiritual enlightenment beyond the plane of discrimination and differentiation, is often described as that of infinite space.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Enso is a popular subject in Zen painting, where the circle is drawn in a single brushstroke and the state of mind of the painter is said to be indicated by the resulting circle - a strong and balanced Enso can only be painted by someone who is in equilibrium and inwardly calm. The very imperfections and contours of the Enso, which must be painted by the human hand rather than constructed as a mathematically correct circle, make the Enso a manifestation of perfection - it is perfect just as it is.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.byzant.com/symbols/enso.asp&lt;br /&gt;An enso ('circle') is the symbol of Zen itself and so an important art subject.  fig. 17 is by an influential monk named Inzan (1758-1817), a 'grand-disciple' of Hakuin who trained many teachers.  All of Hakuin Rinzai Zen (there are other schools) today comes through either Inzan or Takuju.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The circle itself represents the material world with its endless cycles.  The space in the middle represents the emptiness at the heart of Zen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This enso was brushed in two strokes, though one is usual. Inzan was probably trying to show directly the duality of good and evil, male and female...that together make up the whole of our world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zen art is the only religious art that I know with a sense of humor and delight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.zenpaintings.com/collecting-new.htm&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114772855812693970?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114772855812693970/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114772855812693970' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114772855812693970'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114772855812693970'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/enso.html' title='enso'/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114769594161427564</id><published>2006-05-15T05:25:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-15T05:25:41.620-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Richard Long: The Time of Space&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Haunch of Venison, London&lt;br /&gt;3 January-10 February 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since 1967, Richard Long has used walking as the basis of his artistic practice. What appears in the gallery may be a sculpture constructed from natural materials, a photograph of a sculpture made in situ, or a text, but none of these would be possible without the artist's walks: the experience of time and motion in the landscape finding its mode of expression and memorial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His most recent exhibition, at the Haunch of Venison gallery in London, is spread over three floors. The first floor displays three photos taken during the course of a 15-day walk in the semi-desert Karoo region of South Africa. 'Flash Flood' proclaims its title over a dark foreground of scrub, while storm clouds sweep dramatically across the ridges - almost a title still from a film. The other two photographs document sculptures Long has created: in 'Karoo Crossing', by scuffing into definition and bordering with stones two meandering and intersecting paths, and in 'Stones and Stars' by setting stones on end on a hillside. Both sculptures seem to have a greater affinity with naturally occurring shapes than with ancient earthworks: the crossing is reminiscent of a microscopic image of a chromosome, while the vertical stones resemble a small colony of cacti growing among other desert plants.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Just before the stairs is the first text piece in the exhibition, 'Walking Music'. This details, in green and orange lettering, six songs, 'In mind each day', as Long walked for six days through Ireland, 'from the Blackwater River to the Burren to the Athenry'. The songs range from the traditional air, 'Roisin Dubh', to Johnny Cash's 'I Still Miss Someone', via the Beatles' cover of 'Rock and Roll Music'. The titles and musicians' details are mysterious, leaving the viewer to guess whether Long tuned in to some psychogeographical resonance that brought the songs spontaneously to mind, or whether he compiled a virtual tape before he set out, and then silently repeated his musical mantra as he walked.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the first floor, there is another text piece, 'Walking in a Moving World'. Beneath the title are six lines:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BETWEEN CLOUD SHADOWS&lt;br /&gt;INTO A HEADWIND&lt;br /&gt;ACROSS A RIVER&lt;br /&gt;THROUGH SPRING BRACKEN&lt;br /&gt;UNDER A BEECH TREE&lt;br /&gt;OVER A GLACIAL BOULDER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They offer an unexpected, Haiku-like opening: the glacial boulder moves as cloud shadows do, and here is Long, the subject, another movement in a moving world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I wasn't so keen on other textual works in the exhibition. 'From Simplicity to Complexity' lists short words progressing down the wall next to the vertical statement 'A STRAIGHT WALK ACROSS DARTMOOR'. It begins with 'ADRENALIN/HOOFPRINTS/LARKSONG', but soon, generalities start drifting in: 'AN IRON TASTE/SENTIMENT/A SNOOZE/SADNESS/HOT FEET/TUSSOCKS/REGRET'. I would have preferred greater verbal rigour: larksong, an iron taste, tussocks and even hot feet have a certain specificity and power, but not sentiment, sadness and regret. These latter are emotional shorthand, not observation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paradoxically, I enjoyed 'Ocean to River' almost in spite of the text. Under the large printed banner of 'OCEAN TO RIVER/WATER TO WATER' was the following small print: 'Atlantic water from the Pointe Espagnole carried across France on a walk of 473 miles in 16 days and poured into the Rhône river at Pougny-Gare at the end of the walk, spring 2005'. Sometimes, Long's actions speak louder than his words.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The top floor of the gallery contains three large sculptures. Standing in front of a piece such as 'Sardinian Cork Arc', looking at the textures and arrangement of the curls of lichen-shaded bark, gives a very immediate pleasure. And yet, these works, constructed from materials very far removed from their source, are somewhat at odds with the rest of Long's practice, which usually involves a minimal disturbance of the environment. The black and white print of 'The Time of Space' illustrates this: it shows a circle of stones on a gentle screen slope, arranged by Long on a three-day walk on Mount Parnassus in 1999. The caption informs us that he dispersed the circle on a six-day walk in 2002, thus creating 'A CIRCLE OF 1,114 DAYS'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The sense of pilgrimage and isolation within Long's works and walks lend them power, but this is hard to achieve without selectively ignoring human presences in the landscape. So, it was heartening to find, in the text piece 'All Ireland Walk', amusing fragments like 'IT'S GOING TO BE BAD ALL DAY AND TOMORROW', 'FOLLOWED BY A DOG FOR FIVE MILES', and 'PLEASE LOOK FOR A LOOSE HORSE', giving a more balanced sense of a lived-in land. However, I still feel that there's an unresolved tension between Long's solitary walks through remote areas of the planet, and the display of the resultant art in urban centres. These are places polluted and pollinated, compromised and fertilised by just those factors his walking tries to escape: human contact, exchange and exploitation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;James Wilkes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:ESwWxq89V3wJ:www.studio-international.co.uk/reports/long.htm+richard+long+meaning+of+circle&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=us&amp;ct=clnk&amp;cd=2&amp;client=safari&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114769594161427564?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114769594161427564/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114769594161427564' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114769594161427564'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114769594161427564'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/richard-long-time-of-space-haunch-of.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-22866315.post-114769521510481975</id><published>2006-05-15T05:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2006-05-15T05:17:50.356-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/1600/MOH-98-MU-001.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/5076/2332/320/MOH-98-MU-001.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"If a new layer was revealed, it had to do, perhaps, with the spirit of the times: This group of objects seemed to be more about design than politics."&lt;br /&gt;Frances Richard, ArtForum, Jan 2000&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The best work is the sculpture of the siamese cup ("T 4 2" (2002)), two cup that blends one into another like a cell caught in the process of duplication. Obviously, this work deals with notion of clonage. I'm sure the fact the artists lives in England adds a special political resonance to the use of a teacup.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/22866315-114769521510481975?l=bravobo.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/feeds/114769521510481975/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=22866315&amp;postID=114769521510481975' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114769521510481975'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/22866315/posts/default/114769521510481975'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://bravobo.blogspot.com/2006/05/if-new-layer-was-revealed-it-had-to-do.html' title=''/><author><name>bjun</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10856748873501001964</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
